Exam question 2 · The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor

Identify the source of the food upon which a colony of leafcutter ants subsists.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, colony · What happens: identify, subsist · To what, where: source

This is exam question 2 of lesson 3 «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 source	det
3	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 food	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 food	det
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 source	nmod
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 subsists	obl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 colony	det
10	colony	colony	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 subsists	nsubj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 ants	case
12	leafcutter	leafcutter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ants	compound
13	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 colony	nmod
14	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 food	acl:relcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the source of the food					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent source=Theme
2	subsist	present	a colony of leafcutter ants					upon the food	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The sap of the trees from which the leaves are cut

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sap	det
2	sap	SAP	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cut	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 trees	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 trees	det
5	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sap	nmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	9 leaves	det
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 leaves	det
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 trees	nmod
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 cut	aux:pass
11	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut	present · passive		the sap of the trees which leaves					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 2

The leaves themselves, consumed immediately upon collection by the workers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaves	det
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	2 leaves	nmod:unmarked
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 consumed	punct
5	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 leaves	acl
6	immediately	immediately	ADV	_	5 consumed	advmod
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 collection	case
8	collection	collection	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consumed	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 workers	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 workers	det
11	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 consumed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	participle		the leaves leaves not said here				upon collection; by the workers; immediately property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A fungus cultivated upon chewed leaf material within the nest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 fungus	det
2	fungus	fungus	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fungus	acl
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 material	case
5	chewed	chew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 material	amod
6	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 material	compound
7	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cultivated	obl
8	within	within	ADP	_	10 nest	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 nest	det
10	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cultivated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cultivate	participle		a fungus not said here				upon chewed leaf material; within the nest	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	chew	participle							vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Other insects captured upon the forest floor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 insects	amod
2	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	captured	capture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 insects	acl
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 floor	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 floor	det
6	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 floor	compound
7	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 captured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	capture	participle		Other insects not said here				upon the forest floor	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/e2/