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Test 11 · ★★★ · Snakes and lizards

A gecko's hair-like toes stick by very weak forces. How can such weak forces hold it on a ceiling?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: like toes, weak forces · What happens: stick, such, hold · To what, where: gecko, ceiling

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Snakes and lizards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A gecko's hair-like toes stick by very weak forces.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gecko	det
2	gecko	gecko	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 toes	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 gecko	case
4	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 like	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 hair	punct
6	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 toes	amod
7	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stick	nsubj
8	stick	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	12 forces	case
10	very	very	ADV	_	11 weak	advmod
11	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 forces	amod
12	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stick	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 stick	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stick	present	a gecko's like toes					by weak forces	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme by force=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How can such weak forces hold it on a ceiling?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 such	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 such	aux
3	such	such	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 forces	amod
5	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hold	nsubj
6	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 such	ccomp
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 hold	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 ceiling	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ceiling	det
10	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hold	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 such	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	such	can							tree rules
2	hold	present	weak forces	gecko		a ceiling			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme on ceiling=Location

The options

Option 1

The ceiling pulls it up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ceiling	det
2	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	nsubj
3	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pulls	obj
5	up	up	ADP	_	3 pulls	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull up	present	the ceiling	it					vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Each single hair is very strong on its own, like a hook

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 hair	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hair	amod
3	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 strong	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 strong	cop
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 strong	advmod
6	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 own	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 own	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 strong	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hook	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	13 hook	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 hook	det
13	hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 strong	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	each single hair			hair's own		strong property	tree rules

Option 3

The gecko is lighter than air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gecko	det
2	gecko	gecko	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lighter	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lighter	cop
4	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 air	case
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lighter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the gecko					than air; light property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Millions of tiny hairs add up to a strong grip

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 add	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 hairs	case
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hairs	amod
4	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Millions	nmod
5	add	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 add	compound:prt
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 grip	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 grip	det
9	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 grip	amod
10	grip	grip	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 add	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add up speech: assert	present	Millions of tiny hairs					to a strong grip	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to grip=Co-Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/t11/