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Test 10 · Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lo…

A parrot picks up a nut in one foot and lifts it to its beak. Which foot is it most likely to use?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: parrot, foot · What happens: pick up, lift, be, use · To what, where: nut, one foot, beak

This is test 10 of lesson 303 «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A parrot picks up a nut in one foot and lifts it to its beak.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 parrot	det
2	parrot	parrot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 picks	nsubj
3	picks	pick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 picks	compound:prt
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 nut	det
6	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 picks	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 foot	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 foot	nummod
9	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 picks	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 lifts	cc
11	lifts	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 picks	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 lifts	obj
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 beak	case
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 beak	nmod:poss
15	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lifts	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 picks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pick up	present	a parrot	a nut		one foot			vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Topic
2	lift	present	a parrot not said here	nut		parrot's beak			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to beak=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which foot is it most likely to use?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 foot	det
2	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 likely	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 likely	cop
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 likely	nsubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 likely	advmod
6	likely	likely	ADV	_	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 use	mark
8	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 likely	xcomp
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	which foot					likely property	tree rules
2	use	to-infinitive	which foot not said here						vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Often the left, as many parrots prefer it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Often	often	ADV	_	3 left	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 left	det
3	left	left	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 prefer	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 prefer	punct
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	8 prefer	mark
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 parrots	amod
7	parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 prefer	nsubj
8	prefer	prefer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 prefer	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prefer	present	the left	it					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Neither, parrots never use feet for food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	3 parrots	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Neither	punct
3	parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	nsubj
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 use	advmod
5	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 food	case
8	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not use	present	parrots	feet				for food	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent foot=Theme for food=Eventuality

Option 3

Both feet at once, every time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 feet	det
2	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 once	case
4	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 feet	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 time	punct
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 time	det
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 feet	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Always the right, no parrot is left-footed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 right	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 right	det
3	right	right	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 footed	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 parrot	punct
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 parrot	det
6	parrot	parrot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	appos
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 footed	cop
8	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 footed	amod
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 left	punct
10	footed	footed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the right					footed property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/t10/