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Test 9 · ★★ · Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad…

A fire-bellied toad suddenly arches its back and shows a red belly. What is it saying?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: bellied toad, toad · What happens: belly, arch, show, say · To what, where: back, red belly · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 309 «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A fire-bellied toad suddenly arches its back and shows a red belly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 toad	det
2	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bellied	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 fire	punct
4	bellied	belly	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 toad	amod
5	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 arches	nsubj
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	7 arches	advmod
7	arches	arch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 back	nmod:poss
9	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 arches	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 shows	cc
11	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 arches	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 belly	det
13	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 belly	amod
14	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shows	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 arches	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	belly	participle							tree rules
2	arch	present	a bellied toad	toad's back				suddenly property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent back=Patient
3	show	present	a bellied toad not said here	a red belly					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent belly=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is it saying?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 saying	obj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 saying	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 saying	nsubj
4	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 saying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · progressive	toad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

I am too hot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 hot	nsubj
2	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hot	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 hot	advmod
4	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	I					hot property	tree rules

Option 2

Please feed me now, I am hungry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Please	please	INTJ	_	2 feed	discourse
2	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 feed	obj
4	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 feed	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 hungry	punct
6	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 hungry	nsubj
7	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 hungry	cop
8	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 feed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	imperative	you not said here		me		now		vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient
2	is	present	I					hungry property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Stay away, my skin tastes bad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	away	away	ADV	_	1 Stay	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 tastes	punct
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 skin	nmod:poss
5	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tastes	nsubj
6	tastes	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Stay	advcl
7	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 tastes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay away	imperative	you not said here					away property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	taste	present	my skin					bad property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4

I want to play

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 want	nsubj
2	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 play	mark
4	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 want	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	I						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	play not said to happen	to-infinitive	I not said here						vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/t9/