Test 8 · ★★ · Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad…

«why can't i go on toad patrol by myself at night, it's just toads» What is the reason?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: i, patrol, toads · What happens: go, be · To what, where: toad patrol, toads, reason

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 309 «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 go	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 ca	advmod
3	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 go	advcl
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 ca	advmod
5	i	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 go	nsubj
6	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 patrol	case
8	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 patrol	compound
9	patrol	patrol	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 go	obl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 myself	case
11	myself	myself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 go	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 night	case
13	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 go	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 toads	punct
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 toads	nsubj
16	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 toads	cop
17	just	just	ADV	_	18 toads	advmod
18	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 go	obl
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 toads	punct
20	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	23 reason	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 reason	cop
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 reason	det
23	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 toads	acl:relcl
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go in a quote	present	i		toad patrol	night	by myself	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on patrol=Location
2	is a in a quote	present	patrol	toads				tree rules
3	is a	present	toads	the reason				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Volunteers must be over 80

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 80	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 80	cop
4	over	over	ADV	_	5 80	advmod
5	80	80	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	1 Volunteers	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	must		80				over property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Toads only cross in daytime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cross	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 cross	advmod
3	cross	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 daytime	case
5	daytime	daytime	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cross	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cross	present	Toads			daytime			vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Roads at night are dangerous, so go only with grown-ups in bright jackets

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 dangerous	nsubj
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 night	case
3	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Roads	nmod
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dangerous	cop
5	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 go	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	8 go	advmod
8	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 dangerous	parataxis
9	only	only	ADV	_	8 go	advmod
10	with	with	ADP	_	13 ups	case
11	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 ups	amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 grown	punct
13	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 go	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 jackets	case
15	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 jackets	amod
16	jackets	jacket	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ups	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Roads at night	dangerous property	tree rules
2	go	infinitive		with grown ups in bright jackets	vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with up=Beneficiary
3	grow	participle			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Toads bite children who pick them up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bite	nsubj
2	bite	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bite	obj
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 pick	nsubj
5	pick	pick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 children	acl:relcl
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 pick	obj
7	up	up	ADP	_	5 pick	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bite	present	Toads	children					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient
2	pick up	present	children	children = child					vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/t8/