Test 12 · ★ · Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders

Why would a common frog leave its pond after spring and live under logs?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: common frog · What happens: leave, live · To what, where: pond, logs

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 leave	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 leave	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 frog	det
4	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 frog	amod
5	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leave	nsubj
6	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 pond	nmod:poss
8	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leave	obj
9	after	after	ADP	_	10 spring	case
10	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leave	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 live	cc
12	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 leave	conj
13	under	under	ADP	_	14 logs	case
14	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 live	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 leave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	would	a common frog	frog's pond			spring		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pond=Theme
2	live	present	a common frog not said here			logs			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under log=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Adult frogs hunt on land and only need the pond to breed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 frogs	amod
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunt	nsubj
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 land	case
5	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunt	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 need	cc
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 need	advmod
8	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hunt	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pond	det
10	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 need	obj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 breed	mark
12	breed	breed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 need	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	hunt	present	Adult frogs		land	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent on land=Location
2	need	present	Adult frogs not said here	the pond		tree rules
3	breed not said to happen	to-infinitive	the pond not said here			tree rules

Option 2

Ponds are too cold in summer for any animal to live in them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cold	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cold	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 cold	advmod
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 summer	case
6	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cold	obl
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 animal	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 animal	det
9	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cold	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 live	mark
11	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 animal	acl
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 them	case
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ponds				summer	for any animal; cold property	tree rules
2	live	to-infinitive	Ponds not said here					in Ponds = pond	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in they=Location

Option 3

Frogs cannot swim once they are adults

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swim	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 swim	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 swim	advmod
4	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	once	once	SCONJ	_	8 adults	case
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 adults	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 adults	cop
8	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not swim	can	Frogs						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	Frogs = frog					once adults	tree rules

Option 4

Fish chase all frogs out of ponds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chase	nsubj
2	chase	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	ADV	_	4 frogs	advmod
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chase	obj
5	out	out	ADP	_	7 ponds	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 ponds	case
7	ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chase	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chase	present	Fish	frogs		ponds			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent frog=Theme out pond=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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