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Test 11 · ★ · Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders

A newt loses its tail to a heron's beak but escapes. What will probably happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: newt · What happens: lose, escape, happen · To what, where: tail

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A newt loses its tail to a heron's beak but escapes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 newt	det
2	newt	newt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	nsubj
3	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 tail	nmod:poss
5	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	10 beak	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 heron	det
8	heron	heron	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 beak	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 heron	case
10	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	obl
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 escapes	cc
12	escapes	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 loses	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 loses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	a newt	newt's tail				to a heron's beak	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Eventuality
2	escape	present	a newt not said here						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What will probably happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happen	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happen	aux
3	probably	probably	ADV	_	4 happen	advmod
4	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	future						probably property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It can grow a new tail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grow	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	aux
3	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 tail	det
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 tail	amod
6	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	can	It	a new tail					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tail=Theme

Option 2

It will grow a second head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grow	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	aux
3	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 head	det
5	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 head	amod
6	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	future	It	a second head					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme

Option 3

It will die without its tail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 die	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 die	aux
3	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	without	without	ADP	_	6 tail	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 tail	nmod:poss
6	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 die	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die	future	It					without its tail	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 4

It will turn into a frog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turn	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 turn	aux
3	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 frog	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 frog	det
6	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	future	It					into a frog result	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into frog=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/t11/