Exam question 2 · The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flyin…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the relationship between ants and aphids.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, relationship

This is exam question 2 of lesson 334 «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 relationship	det
11	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	between	between	ADP	_	13 ants	case
13	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 relationship	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 aphids	cc
15	aphids	aphid	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ants	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the relationship	between ants and aphids	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus relationship=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Ants consume aphids exclusively as prey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consume	nsubj
2	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	aphids	aphid	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consume	obj
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 consume	advmod
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 prey	case
6	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consume	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	Ants	aphids				as prey; exclusively property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Asset

Option 2

The two insects avoid all contact with one another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 insects	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 insects	nummod
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 avoid	nsubj
4	avoid	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 contact	det
6	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 avoid	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 one	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 contact	appos
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	8 one	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	present	the two insects	all contact					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent contact=Location

Option 3

Aphids supply ants with water in exchange for shelter within the nest during the winter months

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aphids	aphid	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 supply	nsubj
2	supply	supply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 supply	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 water	case
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 supply	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 exchange	case
7	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 supply	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 shelter	case
9	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 exchange	nmod
10	within	within	ADP	_	12 nest	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 nest	det
12	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 supply	obl
13	during	during	ADP	_	16 months	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 months	det
15	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 months	compound
16	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 supply	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supply	present	Aphids	ants		exchange for shelter	month	with water; within the nest	vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent ant=Recipient with water=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ants consume the honeydew secreted by aphids and in return protect them from ladybirds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consume	nsubj
2	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 honeydew	det
4	honeydew	honeydew	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consume	obj
5	secreted	secrete	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 honeydew	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 aphids	case
7	aphids	aphid	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 secreted	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 protect	cc
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 return	case
10	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 protect	obl
11	protect	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 consume	conj
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 protect	obj
13	from	from	ADP	_	14 ladybirds	case
14	ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 protect	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	consume	present	Ants	the honeydew			vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honeydew=Asset
2	secrete	participle		the honeydew not said here		by aphids	tree rules
3	protect	present	Ants not said here	Ants = ant	return	from ladybirds	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary from ladybird=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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