Exam question 3 · The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flyin…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the spots upon a seven-spot ladybird?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: spots

This is exam question 3 of lesson 334 «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 spots	det
10	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 ladybird	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 ladybird	det
13	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 spot	nummod
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 seven	punct
15	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 ladybird	compound
16	ladybird	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the spots				of the following statements; upon a spot ladybird; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They correspond exactly to the age of the insect in years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 correspond	nsubj
2	correspond	correspond	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	6 age	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 age	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 age	det
6	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 correspond	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 insect	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 insect	det
9	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 age	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 years	case
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 correspond	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	correspond	present	They				to the age of the insect; year		vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They are acquired from the flowers upon which it rests

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 acquired	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 acquired	aux:pass
3	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 flowers	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 flowers	det
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 acquired	obl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 rests	obl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 rests	nsubj
10	rests	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 flowers	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	acquire	present · passive		They		the flowers			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from flower=Source
2	rest	present	it			the flowers			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon which=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They indicate the species of the ladybird and bear no relation to its age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 indicate	nsubj
2	indicate	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 indicate	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 ladybird	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ladybird	det
7	ladybird	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 species	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 bear	cc
9	bear	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 indicate	conj
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 relation	det
11	relation	relation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bear	obj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 age	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 age	nmod:poss
14	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bear	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	They	the species of the ladybird					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot species=Topic
2	bear	infinitive	They not said here	no relation			to relation's age		vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relation=Patient

Option 4

They increase in number with each aphid consumed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 increase	nsubj
2	increase	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 number	case
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increase	obl
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 aphid	case
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 aphid	det
7	aphid	aphid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increase	obl
8	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 aphid	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	They			number		with each aphid	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	consume	participle		each aphid not said here					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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