Exam question 4 · The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flyin…

Ascertain the origin of the substance commonly designated «cuckoo spit».

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, substance · What happens: ascertain, designate · To what, where: origin, cuckoo spit

This is exam question 4 of lesson 334 «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 origin	det
3	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 substance	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 substance	det
6	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 origin	nmod
7	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	8 designated	advmod
8	designated	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 substance	acl:relcl
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 spit	punct
10	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 spit	compound
11	spit	spit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 designated	obj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 spit	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the origin of the substance					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent origin=Topic
2	designate	past	the substance not said here	cuckoo spit				commonly property	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spit=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is the saliva of the cuckoo deposited upon plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 saliva	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 saliva	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 saliva	det
4	saliva	saliva	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 cuckoo	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cuckoo	det
7	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 saliva	nmod
8	deposited	deposit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 saliva	acl
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 plants	case
10	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 deposited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the saliva				of the cuckoo	tree rules
2	deposit	participle		the saliva not said here		plants			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon plant=Destination

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is a froth produced by the young of the froghopper for concealment and moisture

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 froth	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 froth	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 froth	det
4	froth	froth	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 froth	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 young	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 young	det
8	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 produced	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 froghopper	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 froghopper	det
11	froghopper	froghopper	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 young	nmod
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 concealment	case
13	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 froghopper	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 moisture	cc
15	moisture	moisture	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 froghopper	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a froth					tree rules
2	produce	participle		a froth not said here				by the young of the froghopper for concealment and moisture	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is a residue left upon stems by passing snails

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 residue	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 residue	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 residue	det
4	residue	residue	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 residue	acl
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 stems	case
7	stems	stem	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 left	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 snails	case
9	passing	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 snails	amod
10	snails	snail	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 left	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a residue			tree rules
2	leave	participle		a residue not said here	stems	by passing snails	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent upon stem=Location
3	pass	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It is a secretion of the plant in response to heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 secretion	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 secretion	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 secretion	det
4	secretion	secretion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 plant	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 plant	det
7	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 secretion	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 response	case
9	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 plant	nmod
10	to	to	PART	_	11 heat	mark
11	heat	heat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 secretion	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a secretion				of the plant in response	tree rules
2	heat	to-infinitive							vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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