Test 7 · ★ · Birds of prey and owls

Why do vultures circle over the savannah in the middle of a hot day, not at dawn?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: vultures · What happens: circle · To what, where: savannah

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 34 «Birds of prey and owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 circle	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 circle	aux
3	vultures	vulture	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 circle	nsubj
4	circle	circle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 savannah	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 savannah	det
7	savannah	savannah	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 circle	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 middle	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 middle	det
10	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 circle	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 day	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 day	det
13	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 day	amod
14	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 middle	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 dawn	punct
16	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 dawn	advmod
17	at	at	ADP	_	18 dawn	case
18	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 circle	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 circle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circle	present · do-support	vultures			the savannah	dawn	in the middle of a hot day	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Dead animals only ever appear at noon, when the sun is high

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 appear	nsubj
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 appear	advmod
4	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 appear	advmod
5	appear	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 noon	case
7	noon	noon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 appear	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 high	punct
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 high	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sun	det
11	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 high	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 high	cop
13	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 noon	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	appear	present	Dead animals				ever; noon		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	the sun					high property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The hot ground makes the rising air they need

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 ground	det
2	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ground	amod
3	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	nsubj
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 air	det
6	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 air	amod
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	obj
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 need	nsubj
9	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 air	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	make	present	the hot ground	the rising air	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset air=Product
2	rise	gerund			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	need	present	they	the rising air not said here	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot air=Theme

Option 3

They are hiding from the sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hiding	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hiding	aux
3	hiding	hide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 sun	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sun	det
6	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hiding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	present · progressive	They			the sun			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from sun=Beneficiary

Option 4

They cannot see in the morning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 see	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 see	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 see	advmod
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 morning	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 morning	det
7	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	can	They				morning		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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