Exam question 1 · Where eggs come from: hens, shell colours, sizes and what…

Identify the principal reason for which eggs offered for retail sale do not ordinarily hatch.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, eggs · What happens: identify, offer, not hatch · To what, where: principal reason, eggs

This is exam question 1 of lesson 342 «Where eggs come from: hens, shell colours, sizes and what is inside» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 eggs	det
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 hatch	nsubj
8	offered	offer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 eggs	acl
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 sale	case
10	retail	retail	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sale	compound
11	sale	sale	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 offered	obl
12	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 hatch	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 hatch	advmod
14	ordinarily	ordinarily	ADV	_	15 hatch	advmod
15	hatch	hatch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	offer	participle		which eggs not said here	for retail sale goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for sale=Goal
3	not hatch	present · do-support	which eggs		ordinarily property	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Retailers remove the embryo prior to sale

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Retailers	retailer	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 remove	nsubj
2	remove	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sale	det
4	embryo	embryo	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sale	amod
5	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	7 sale	case
6	to	to	ADP	_	5 prior	fixed
7	sale	sale	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 remove	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	Retailers	the embryo sale					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sale=Theme

Option 2

The shell is rendered impenetrable during packaging

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shell	det
2	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rendered	aux:pass
4	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	impenetrable	impenetrable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rendered	xcomp
6	during	during	ADP	_	7 packaging	case
7	packaging	packaging	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present · passive		the shell			during packaging	impenetrable property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

The process of refrigeration converts the embryo into yolk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 process	det
2	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 converts	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 refrigeration	case
4	refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 process	nmod
5	converts	convert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 embryo	det
7	embryo	embryo	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 converts	obj
8	into	into	ADP	_	9 yolk	case
9	yolk	yolk	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 converts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert	present	the process of refrigeration	the embryo				into yolk result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent embryo=Patient into yolk=Result
2	process			refrigeration					nom process «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The majority are laid by hens maintained without a cockerel and are therefore unfertilised

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 majority	det
2	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 laid	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 laid	aux:pass
4	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 hens	case
6	hens	hen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 laid	obl:agent
7	maintained	maintain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 hens	acl
8	without	without	ADP	_	10 cockerel	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 cockerel	det
10	cockerel	cockerel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 maintained	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 unfertilised	cc
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 unfertilised	cop
13	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	14 unfertilised	advmod
14	unfertilised	unfertilised	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 laid	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lay	present · passive	hens	the majority		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result
2	maintain	participle		hens not said here	without a cockerel	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	hens not said here		therefore, unfertilised property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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