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Test 2 · ★★★ · How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle…

A horse taps the right answer only when its owner, who knows the sum, stands in front of it. What is the best next step?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: horse, owner, best next step · What happens: tap, know, stand, be · To what, where: right answer, sum, front

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 389 «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A horse taps the right answer only when its owner, who knows the sum, stands in front of it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taps	nsubj
3	taps	tap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 answer	det
5	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 answer	amod
6	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taps	obj
7	only	only	ADV	_	10 owner	advmod
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 owner	advmod
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 owner	nmod:poss
10	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taps	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 knows	punct
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 knows	nsubj
13	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 owner	acl:relcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 sum	det
15	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 knows	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 stands	punct
17	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 taps	conj
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 front	case
19	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 stands	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 it	case
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 front	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 taps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tap	present	a horse	the right answer				horse's owner obl	vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent answer=Location
2	know	present	horse's owner	the sum					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer sum=Stimulus
3	stand	present	a horse not said here			front of horse			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the best next step?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 step	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 step	amod
5	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 step	amod
6	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best next step						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Give the horse a medal at once and put it on television

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Give	give	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 horse	det
3	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Give	obj
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 medal	det
5	medal	medal	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Give	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 once	case
7	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	1 Give	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 put	cc
9	put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Give	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 put	obj
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 television	case
12	television	television	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 put	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	imperative	you not said here	a medal	the horse				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient medal=Theme at once=Asset
2	put	infinitive	you not said here	medal		television			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme on television=Destination

Option 2

Ask the owner to stand closer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 owner	det
3	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ask	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 stand	mark
5	stand	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Ask	xcomp
6	closer	close	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 stand	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	imperative	you not said here	the owner					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent owner=Recipient clause=Topic
2	stand not said to happen	to-infinitive	the owner not said here					close property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Make the sums harder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sums	det
3	sums	sum	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Make	obj
4	harder	hard	ADV	Degree=Cmp	1 Make	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	imperative	you not said here	the sums				hard property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sum=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Test it again with a person who does not know the answer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Test	test	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Test	obj
3	again	again	ADV	_	1 Test	advmod
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 person	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 person	det
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Test	obl
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 know	nsubj
8	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 know	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 know	advmod
10	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 person	acl:relcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 answer	det
12	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 know	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	test	imperative	you not said here	it			again	with a person	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	not know	present · do-support	a person	the answer					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/t2/