Test 12 · ★ · Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colou…

«my brother shouted at the dog and poked it while it was twitching, it snapped at him» Why did that happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: brother, dog, that · What happens: shout, poke, twitch, snap, happen · To what, where: dog

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 shouted	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 brother	nmod:poss
3	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shouted	nsubj
4	shouted	shout	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 dog	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dog	det
7	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shouted	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 poked	cc
9	poked	poke	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shouted	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 poked	obj
11	while	while	SCONJ	_	14 twitching	mark
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 twitching	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 twitching	aux
14	twitching	twitch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 poked	advcl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 snapped	punct
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 snapped	nsubj
17	snapped	snap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shouted	conj
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 him	case
19	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 snapped	obl
20	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 snapped	punct
21	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	24 happen	advmod
22	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 happen	aux
23	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	24 happen	nsubj
24	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 snapped	advcl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 shouted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express in a quote	past	my brother		at the dog	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	poke in a quote	past	my brother not said here	dog		vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	twitch in a quote	past · progressive	dog			vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	snap in a quote	past	dog		at brother	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at he=Location
5	happen	past · do-support	that			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The dog was never asleep at all, it was just waiting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 asleep	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 asleep	cop
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 asleep	advmod
5	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 asleep	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 waiting	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 waiting	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 waiting	aux
11	just	just	ADV	_	12 waiting	advmod
12	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 asleep	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	past	the dog			all		asleep property	tree rules
2	wait	past · progressive	dog						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The dog was dreaming about biting him and did it for real

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dreaming	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dreaming	aux
4	dreaming	dream	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	about	about	SCONJ	_	6 biting	mark
6	biting	bite	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 dreaming	advcl
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 biting	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 did	cc
9	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dreaming	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 did	obj
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 real	case
12	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 did	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	dream	past · progressive	the dog			vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
2	bite	gerund	the dog not said here	dog		vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient
3	do	past	the dog not said here	it	for real	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Option 3

Dogs hate people all the time and snap whenever they can

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	nsubj
2	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	obj
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 time	det:predet
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 time	det
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hate	obl:unmarked
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 snap	cc
8	snap	snap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hate	conj
9	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 snap	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 can	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 whenever	advcl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	Dogs	people			time		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus
2	snap	present	Dogs not said here					whenever property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A dog startled out of deep sleep may snap without meaning to

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 startled	nsubj
3	startled	startle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	9 snap	mark
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 sleep	case
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sleep	amod
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 snap	obl
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 snap	aux
9	snap	snap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 startled	advcl
10	without	without	SCONJ	_	11 meaning	mark
11	meaning	mean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 snap	advcl
12	to	to	PART	_	11 meaning	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	startle	past	a dog		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	snap	may	a dog not said here	of deep sleep	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient of sleep=Co-Patient
3	mean	gerund	a dog not said here		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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