Exam question 1 · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a scavenger?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: scavenger

This is exam question 1 of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 scavenger	det
10	scavenger	scavenger	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a scavenger				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

An animal which hunts and kills living prey exclusively, by day and by night

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kills	nsubj
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 hunts	nsubj
4	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 animal	acl:relcl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 hunts	cc
6	kills	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 prey	amod
8	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kills	obj
9	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	6 kills	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 day	punct
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 day	case
12	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kills	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 night	cc
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 night	case
15	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 day	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	a animal						vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	kill	present	a animal	living prey			day	exclusively property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme

Option 2

An organism which manufactures its own food from sunlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 organism	det
2	organism	organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 manufactures	nsubj
4	manufactures	manufacture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 organism	acl:relcl
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 food	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 food	amod
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 manufactures	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 sunlight	case
9	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 manufactures	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	manufacture	present	a organism	organism's own food		sunlight			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent food=Result from sunlight=Material

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

An animal which subsists upon the bodies of animals already dead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 subsists	nsubj
4	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 animal	acl:relcl
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 bodies	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bodies	det
7	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 subsists	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 animals	case
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bodies	nmod
10	already	already	ADV	_	11 dead	advmod
11	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 subsists	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	a animal					upon the bodies of animals	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 4

An animal which subsists exclusively upon plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 subsists	nsubj
4	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 animal	acl:relcl
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	4 subsists	advmod
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 plants	case
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 subsists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	a animal					upon plants; exclusively property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/e1/