Test 1 · ★★ · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

In a cartoon the hyenas are lazy thieves who never hunt. What is the truth?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: hyenas, lazy thieves, truth · What happens: be, not hunt · To what, where: lazy thieves, cartoon

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon the hyenas are lazy thieves who never hunt.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 thieves	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 hyenas	det
5	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 thieves	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 thieves	cop
7	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 thieves	amod
8	thieves	thief	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 hunt	nsubj
10	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	11 hunt	advmod
11	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 thieves	acl:relcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 thieves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the hyenas	lazy thieves		a cartoon			tree rules
2	not hunt	present	lazy thieves						vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 truth	det
4	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the truth						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Hyenas are a kind of wild dog that follows lions about and begs for leftovers

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kind	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kind	det
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 dog	case
6	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 dog	amod
7	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 follows	nsubj
9	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	parataxis
10	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 follows	obj
11	about	about	ADV	_	9 follows	advmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 begs	cc
13	begs	beg	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 follows	conj
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 leftovers	case
15	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 begs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Hyenas	a kind	of wild dog	tree rules
2	follow	present	that	lions	about property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Theme
3	beg speech: request	present	that not said here		for leftovers	vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent for leftover=Topic

Option 2

Hyenas only eat grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 eat	advmod
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Hyenas	grass					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient

Option 3

Hyenas never hunt anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunt	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 hunt	advmod
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 hunt	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hunt	present	Hyenas	anything					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Spotted hyenas hunt most of their own food, and lions often steal from them

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hyenas	amod
2	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hunt	nsubj
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 hunt	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 food	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 food	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 food	amod
8	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 most	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 steal	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 steal	cc
11	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 steal	nsubj
12	often	often	ADV	_	13 steal	advmod
13	steal	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hunt	parataxis
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 them	case
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 steal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	spot	participle				vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
2	hunt	present	Spotted hyenas	most of hyenas's own food		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme
3	steal	present	lions		from hyenas = hyena; often property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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