Exam question 3 · Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the spots of the ladybird.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, spots

This is exam question 3 of lesson 48 «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 spots	det
11	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 ladybird	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ladybird	det
14	ladybird	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 spots	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the spots of the ladybird		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus spot=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

One spot is acquired upon each anniversary of the hatching of the insect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 spot	nummod
2	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acquired	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 acquired	aux:pass
4	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 anniversary	case
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 anniversary	det
7	anniversary	anniversary	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acquired	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 hatching	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hatching	det
10	hatching	hatching	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 anniversary	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 insect	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 insect	det
13	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hatching	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	acquire	present · passive		One spot				upon each anniversary of the hatching of the insect	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme
2	hatch		the insect						nom hatching «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The number of spots marks the species and does not vary with age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 marks	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 spots	case
4	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	marks	mark	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 species	det
7	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 marks	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 vary	cc
9	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 vary	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 vary	advmod
11	vary	vary	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 marks	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 age	case
13	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 vary	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mark	present	the number of spots	the species					vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent species=Destination
2	not vary	present · do-support	the number of spots not said here				with age		vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme with age=Co-Theme

Option 3

The spots are lost progressively as the insect ages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 spots	det
2	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lost	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lost	aux:pass
4	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	progressively	progressively	ADV	_	4 lost	advmod
6	as	as	ADP	_	9 ages	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ages	det
8	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ages	compound
9	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lost	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · passive		the spots			as the insect ages	progressively property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 4

The number of spots indicates the quantity of aphids consumed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 indicates	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 spots	case
4	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 quantity	det
7	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 indicates	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 aphids	case
9	aphids	aphid	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 quantity	nmod
10	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 quantity	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	the number of spots	the quantity of aphids					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quantity=Topic
2	consume	participle		the quantity of aphids not said here					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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