Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / questions / Biology / How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry / e4

Exam question 4 · How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry

It is given that the pale form of the peppered moth declined in industrial towns. Ascertain the reason.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, pepper, decline, form, ascertain · To what, where: It, peppered moth, reason

This is exam question 4 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the pale form of the peppered moth declined in industrial towns.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 form	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 form	det
6	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 form	amod
7	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	xcomp
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 moth	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 moth	det
10	peppered	pepper	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 moth	amod
11	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 form	nmod
12	declined	decline	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 moth	acl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 towns	case
14	industrial	industrial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 towns	amod
15	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 declined	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	pepper	participle							vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
3	decline	participle		the peppered moth not said here				in industrial towns	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in town=Attribute
4	form			the peppered moth					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the reason.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Pale moths migrated to rural districts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 moths	amod
2	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	migrated	migrate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 moths	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 districts	case
5	rural	rural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 districts	amod
6	districts	district	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 migrated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	migrate	participle		Pale moths not said here				to rural districts	tree rules

Option 2

Dark moths consumed the pale moths

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 moths	amod
2	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 consumed	nsubj
3	consumed	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 moths	det
5	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 moths	amod
6	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 consumed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	past	Dark moths	the pale moths					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Asset

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Soot-darkened bark rendered pale moths conspicuous to birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soot	soot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 darkened	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Soot	punct
3	darkened	darken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 bark	amod
4	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rendered	nsubj
5	rendered	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 moths	amod
7	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rendered	obj
8	conspicuous	conspicuous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rendered	xcomp
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 birds	case
10	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 conspicuous	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	darken	participle							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	render	past	darkened bark	pale moths				conspicuous property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme

Option 4

Industrial smoke dyed the wings of the pale moths a darker shade

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Industrial	industrial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 smoke	amod
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dyed	nsubj
3	dyed	dye	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wings	det
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dyed	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 moths	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 moths	det
8	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 moths	amod
9	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wings	nmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 shade	det
11	darker	dark	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 shade	amod
12	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dyed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dye	past	Industrial smoke	the wings of the pale moths					vn coloring-24 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient shade=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/51-how-animals-hide/e4/