Test 4 · ★★ · Digestion: the journey of a sandwich
Raj chews a piece of bread for a whole minute and it starts to taste sweet. Why?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Raj, piece · What happens: chew, start, taste · To what, where: piece
This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 67 «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Raj chews a piece of bread for a whole minute and it starts to taste sweet.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Raj | Raj | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 chews | nsubj |
| 2 | chews | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 piece | det |
| 4 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 chews | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 bread | case |
| 6 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 piece | nmod |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 minute | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 minute | det |
| 9 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 minute | amod |
| 10 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 chews | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 starts | cc |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 starts | nsubj |
| 13 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 chews | conj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 taste | mark |
| 15 | taste | taste | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 starts | xcomp |
| 16 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 taste | xcomp |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 chews | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chew | present | Raj | a piece of bread | minute | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient | |||
| 2 | start | present | piece | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | taste | to-infinitive | piece not said here | sweet property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Why | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Saliva is turning the starch in the bread into sugar
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saliva | saliva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turning | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 turning | aux |
| 3 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 starch | det |
| 5 | starch | starch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turning | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 bread | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 bread | det |
| 8 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turning | obl |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 sugar | case |
| 10 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turning | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present · progressive | Saliva | the starch | into sugar; in the bread | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent starch=Patient in bread=Topic into sugar=Recipient |
Option 2
His tongue is getting tired of the taste
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 tongue | nmod:poss |
| 2 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 getting | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 getting | aux |
| 4 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 getting | xcomp |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 taste | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 taste | det |
| 8 | taste | taste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tired | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present · progressive | His tongue | tired property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
Option 3
His teeth are slowly adding sugar to the bread as he chews
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 2 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 adding | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 adding | aux |
| 4 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 5 adding | advmod |
| 5 | adding | add | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 adding | obj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 bread | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bread | det |
| 9 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 adding | obl |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 12 chews | mark |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 chews | nsubj |
| 12 | chews | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 adding | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | add speech: assert | present · progressive | His teeth | sugar | to the bread; slowly property | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient to bread=Co-Patient | |||
| 2 | chew | present | he | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
The bread was sweet all along but hidden
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 bread | det |
| 2 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sweet | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sweet | cop |
| 4 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | all | all | ADV | _ | 6 along | advmod |
| 6 | along | along | ADP | _ | 4 sweet | advmod |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 hidden | cc |
| 8 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 sweet | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the bread | sweet property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hide | participle | the bread not said here | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/t4/