Test 6 · ★★ · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs

«my mate says crocs are just big lizards» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, crocs, big lizards · What happens: say, be · To what, where: big lizards · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mate	nmod:poss
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	crocs	croc	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lizards	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lizards	cop
7	just	just	ADV	_	9 lizards	advmod
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lizards	amod
9	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 says	ccomp
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 lizards	punct
11	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 right	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 right	cop
13	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lizards	parataxis
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my mate			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present	crocs	big lizards		tree rules
3	is	present	big lizards		right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, crocodiles are just giant lizards that live in water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 lizards	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 lizards	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 lizards	cop
5	just	just	ADV	_	7 lizards	advmod
6	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lizards	amod
7	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 live	nsubj
9	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 lizards	acl:relcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 water	case
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	crocodiles	giant lizards					tree rules
2	live	present	giant lizards			water			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location

Option 2

No, crocodiles are a kind of fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 kind	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kind	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 kind	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 kind	det
6	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 fish	case
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	crocodiles	a kind				of fish	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Crocodiles are closer relatives of birds than of lizards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 relatives	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 relatives	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 relatives	amod
4	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 birds	case
6	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 relatives	nmod
7	than	than	ADP	_	9 lizards	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 lizards	case
9	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 birds	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Crocodiles	closer relatives				of birds than lizards	tree rules

Option 4

No, crocodiles are mammals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 crocodiles	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 mammals	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 mammals	cop
5	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	crocodiles	mammals					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/t6/