Exam question 1 · The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog re…

Identify the principal reason for which poison dart frogs bred in zoological collections are not toxic.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, dart frogs · What happens: identify, breed, not be · To what, where: principal reason, dart frogs, zoological collections

This is exam question 1 of lesson 89 «The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	9 frogs	det
7	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dart	compound
8	dart	dart	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 frogs	compound
9	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 toxic	nsubj
10	bred	breed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 frogs	acl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 collections	case
12	zoological	zoological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 collections	amod
13	collections	collection	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bred	obl
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 toxic	cop
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 toxic	advmod
16	toxic	toxic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl:relcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	breed	participle		which dart frogs not said here	zoological collections		tree rules
3	not is	present	which dart frogs			toxic property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Glass enclosures neutralise all toxins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enclosures	compound
2	enclosures	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 neutralise	nsubj
3	neutralise	neutralise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 toxins	det
5	toxins	toxin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 neutralise	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	neutralise	present	Glass enclosures	all toxins					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They belong to an entirely different family

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 belong	nsubj
2	belong	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	7 family	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 family	det
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	6 different	advmod
6	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 family	amod
7	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 belong	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	belong	present	They					to a different family	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Their toxins derive from wild ants and mites absent in captivity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 toxins	nmod:poss
2	toxins	toxin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 derive	nsubj
3	derive	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 ants	case
5	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ants	amod
6	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 derive	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 mites	cc
8	mites	mite	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ants	conj
9	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ants	amod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 captivity	case
11	captivity	captivity	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 absent	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	Their toxins			wild ants and mites			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from ant=Material

Option 4

Their toxins are surgically removed by keepers at regular intervals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 toxins	nmod:poss
2	toxins	toxin	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 removed	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 removed	aux:pass
4	surgically	surgically	ADV	_	5 removed	advmod
5	removed	remove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 keepers	case
7	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 removed	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 intervals	case
9	regular	regular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 intervals	amod
10	intervals	interval	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 removed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present · passive	keepers	Their toxins		regular intervals		surgically property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/e1/