Exam question 2 · The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog re…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the chytrid fungus.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, chytrid fungus

This is exam question 2 of lesson 89 «The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 fungus	det
11	chytrid	chytrid	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fungus	compound
12	fungus	fungus	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the chytrid fungus		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fungus=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is beneficial to frogs and improves their breathing through the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 beneficial	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 beneficial	cop
3	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 frogs	case
5	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 beneficial	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 improves	cc
7	improves	improve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 beneficial	conj
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 breathing	nmod:poss
9	breathing	breathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 improves	obj
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 skin	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 skin	det
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 improves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			to frogs; beneficial property	tree rules
2	improve	present		frogs's breathing	the skin		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent breathing=Patient
3	breathe		frogs = frog				nom breathing «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It is transmitted to frogs by human warts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 transmitted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 transmitted	aux:pass
3	transmitted	transmit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 frogs	case
5	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 transmitted	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 warts	case
7	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 warts	amod
8	warts	wart	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 transmitted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transmit	present · passive	human warts	It	frogs				vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to frog=Destination

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It attacks frog skin and was spread partly by people moving frogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 attacks	nsubj
2	attacks	attack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 skin	compound
4	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attacks	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 spread	cc
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 spread	aux:pass
7	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 attacks	conj
8	partly	partly	ADV	_	7 spread	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 people	case
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 spread	obl
11	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 people	acl
12	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 moving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	attack	present	It	frog skin		vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient
2	spread	past · passive	people		partly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	move	gerund	people not said here	frogs		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme frog=Result

Option 4

It affects only frogs maintained in zoos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 affects	nsubj
2	affects	affect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 frogs	advmod
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 affects	obj
5	maintained	maintain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 frogs	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 zoos	case
7	zoos	zoo	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 maintained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	affect	present	It	frogs					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus frog=Experiencer
2	maintain	participle		frogs not said here		zoos			vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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