Exam question 1 · The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays

Identify the principal reason for which sharks maintained within aquarium exhibits refrain from predation upon their tankmates.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, sharks, aquarium exhibits · What happens: identify, maintain, refrain · To what, where: principal reason, predation

This is exam question 1 of lesson 91 «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 maintained	obl
7	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 maintained	nsubj
8	maintained	maintain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
9	within	within	ADP	_	12 refrain	mark
10	aquarium	aquarium	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 exhibits	compound
11	exhibits	exhibit	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 refrain	nsubj
12	refrain	refrain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 maintained	ccomp
13	from	from	ADP	_	14 predation	case
14	predation	predation	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 refrain	obl
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 tankmates	case
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 tankmates	nmod:poss
17	tankmates	tankmate	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 refrain	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	maintain	past	sharks			for the principal reason	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	refrain	present	aquarium exhibits		predation	upon exhibits's tankmates	vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent from predation=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are separated from all other fish by partitions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 separated	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 separated	aux:pass
3	separated	separate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 fish	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 fish	det
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 fish	amod
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 separated	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 partitions	case
9	partitions	partition	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 separated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	separate	present · passive	partitions	They				from all other fish	vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient from fish=Co-Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They are provided with regular and sufficient meals by the keepers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 provided	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 provided	aux:pass
3	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	8 meals	case
5	regular	regular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 meals	amod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sufficient	cc
7	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 regular	conj
8	meals	meal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 provided	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 keepers	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 keepers	det
11	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 provided	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	present · passive	the keepers	They				with regular meals	vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient with meal=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

They are physically incapable of consuming fish of any appreciable size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 incapable	cop
3	physically	physically	ADV	_	4 incapable	advmod
4	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 consuming	mark
6	consuming	consume	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 incapable	advcl
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consuming	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 size	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 size	det
10	appreciable	appreciable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 size	amod
11	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fish	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					incapable, physically property	tree rules
2	consume	gerund	They not said here	fish of any appreciable size					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Asset

Option 4

Their tankmates are invariably venomous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 tankmates	nmod:poss
2	tankmates	tankmate	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 venomous	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 venomous	cop
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 venomous	advmod
5	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Their tankmates					invariably, venomous property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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