Exam question 4 · Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza, part 38: Militza f…

Explain why the old beggar advised the Prince to abandon his horse before entering the wood.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, old beggar, Prince · What happens: explain, advise, abandon, enter · To what, where: Prince, horse, wood · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1714 «Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza, part 38: Militza flies off, Iwanich lies to his father, and the beasts close in» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 advised	advmod
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 beggar	det
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 beggar	amod
5	beggar	beggar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 advised	nsubj
6	advised	advise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Explain	ccomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Prince	det
8	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 advised	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 abandon	mark
10	abandon	abandon	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 advised	xcomp
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 horse	nmod:poss
12	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 abandon	obj
13	before	before	SCONJ	_	14 entering	mark
14	entering	enter	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 abandon	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 wood	det
16	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 entering	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	imperative	you not said here		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	advise speech: other	past	the old beggar	the Prince	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent prince=Recipient clause=Topic
3	abandon not said to happen	to-infinitive	the Prince not said here	beggar's horse	vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme horse=Source
4	enter	gerund	the Prince not said here	the wood	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wood=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The horse would stumble over fallen trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stumble	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 stumble	aux
4	stumble	stumble	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	over	over	ADV	_	6 fallen	advmod
6	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 trees	amod
7	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stumble	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stumble	would	the horse	fallen trees					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme
2	fall	participle						over property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Horses are forbidden in the forest by the old king's law and the beggar wanted to keep the Prince safe from the guards

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 forbidden	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 forbidden	aux:pass
3	forbidden	forbid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 forest	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 forest	det
6	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forbidden	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	12 law	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 king	det
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 king	amod
10	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 law	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 king	case
12	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forbidden	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 wanted	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 beggar	det
15	beggar	beggar	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 wanted	nsubj
16	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 forbidden	conj
17	to	to	PART	_	18 keep	mark
18	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 wanted	xcomp
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Prince	det
20	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 keep	obj
21	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 keep	xcomp
22	from	from	ADP	_	24 guards	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 guards	det
24	guards	guard	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 safe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	forbid	present · passive	the old king's law	Horses	the forest		vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme
2	want	past	the beggar				vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	keep not said to happen	to-infinitive	the beggar not said here	the Prince		safe property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prince=Theme

Option 3

The forest path is far too narrow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 path	det
2	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 path	compound
3	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 narrow	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 narrow	cop
5	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 narrow	advmod
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 narrow	advmod
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the forest path					far, narrow property	tree rules

Option 4

The horse would stumble over fallen trees and be lost among the thorny undergrowth of the wood

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stumble	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 stumble	aux
4	stumble	stumble	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	over	over	ADV	_	6 fallen	advmod
6	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 trees	amod
7	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stumble	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 lost	cc
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 lost	aux:pass
10	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 stumble	conj
11	among	among	ADP	_	14 undergrowth	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 undergrowth	det
13	thorny	thorny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 undergrowth	amod
14	undergrowth	undergrowth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lost	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 wood	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 wood	det
17	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 undergrowth	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stumble	would	the horse	fallen trees		vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme
2	fall	participle			over property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	lose	infinitive · passive	the horse not said here		among the thorny undergrowth of the wood	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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