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Test 3 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road…

«Here to-day—in next week to-morrow!» What is Toad trying to say?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Toad · What happens: try, say · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 32 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «Here to-day—in next week to-morrow!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Here	punct
2	Here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 day	case
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 to	punct
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Here	obl
6	—	-	PUNCT	_	2 Here	punct
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 week	case
8	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 week	amod
9	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Here	obl
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 morrow	case
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 to	punct
12	morrow	morrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Here	obl
13	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Here	punct
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Here	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: What is Toad trying to say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 trying	obj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 trying	aux
3	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 trying	nsubj
4	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 say	mark
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 trying	xcomp
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 trying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	try	present · progressive	Toad						tree rules
2	say speech: assert not said to happen	to-infinitive	Toad not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Cars are fast, so trips take less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fast	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fast	cop
3	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 take	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	7 take	advmod
6	trips	trip	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 take	nsubj
7	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fast	advcl
8	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 take	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cars					fast property	tree rules
2	take	present	trips	less					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Cars are so fast you'd be days ahead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 days	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 days	cop
3	so	so	ADV	_	4 fast	advmod
4	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 days	advmod
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 days	nsubj
6	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 days	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 days	cop
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	ahead	ahead	ADV	_	8 days	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	would · present	Cars	days				ahead, fast property	tree rules

Option 3

Cars go so fast that you'd arrive at a place days before you ever left it

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 go	nsubj
2	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	so	so	ADV	_	4 fast	advmod
4	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 go	advmod
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 arrive	mark
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 arrive	nsubj
7	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 arrive	aux
8	arrive	arrive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 go	advcl
9	at	at	ADP	_	12 days	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 days	det
11	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 days	compound
12	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 arrive	obl
13	before	before	SCONJ	_	16 left	mark
14	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 left	nsubj
15	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	16 left	advmod
16	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 arrive	advcl
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 left	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	Cars					fast property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	arrive	would	you				day		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	leave	past	you	it			ever		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

Cars are so fast that a journey of a week becomes a single afternoon's pleasant drive

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fast	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fast	cop
3	so	so	ADV	_	4 fast	advmod
4	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 becomes	mark
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 journey	det
7	journey	journey	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 becomes	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 week	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 week	det
10	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 journey	nmod
11	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fast	advcl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 afternoon	det
13	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 afternoon	amod
14	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 drive	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 afternoon	case
16	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 drive	amod
17	drive	drive	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 becomes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cars					fast property	tree rules
2	become	present	a journey of a week	a single afternoon's pleasant drive					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	journey			a week					nom journey «act transitive»: of=patient
4	drive		a single afternoon						nom drive «act transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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