Test 4 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road…

The Rat says Toad is «possessed». Has the Rat seen this before?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Rat · What happens: say, possess, see · To what, where: Toad, this · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 32 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 4: The Open Road (the wreck of the cart, and Toad's new craze)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The Rat says Toad is «possessed».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Rat	det
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 possessed	nsubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 possessed	aux:pass
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 possessed	punct
7	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 says	ccomp
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 possessed	punct
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the Rat						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	possess in a quote	present · passive		Toad					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Has the Rat seen this before?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 seen	aux
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Rat	det
3	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 seen	nsubj
4	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 seen	obj
6	before	before	ADV	_	4 seen	advmod
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 seen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present · perfect	the Rat	this				before property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus

The options

Option 1

No, the Rat has never seen Toad so dreadful before, not with boats or caravans at all

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 seen	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Rat	det
4	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 seen	nsubj
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 seen	aux
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 seen	advmod
7	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 seen	obj
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 dreadful	advmod
10	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 seen	xcomp
11	before	before	ADV	_	7 seen	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 boats	punct
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 boats	advmod
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 boats	case
15	boats	boat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 seen	obl
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 caravans	cc
17	caravans	caravan	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 boats	conj
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 all	case
19	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 boats	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	present · perfect	the Rat	Toad				with boats at all or caravans; before, dreadful property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toad=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, it always takes him that way, and the Mole should have expected it by now

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 takes	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 takes	nsubj
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 takes	advmod
5	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 takes	obj
7	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 way	det
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 takes	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 expected	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 expected	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Mole	det
12	Mole	mole	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 expected	nsubj:pass
13	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 expected	aux
14	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 expected	aux
15	expected	expect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 takes	advcl
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 expected	obj
17	by	by	ADP	_	18 now	case
18	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 expected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	it		him = he			that way obl; always property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination
2	expect	should · perfect · passive		the Mole					vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme it=Eventuality

Option 3

Yes, last year with the caravan

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 year	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 year	amod
4	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 caravan	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 caravan	det
7	caravan	caravan	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 year	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Yes — «it always takes him that way»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 takes	discourse
2	—	-	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 takes	punct
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 takes	nsubj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 takes	advmod
6	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 takes	obj
8	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 way	det
9	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 takes	obl
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 takes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take in a quote	present	it		him = he			that way obl; always property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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