Exam question 1 · Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles sa…

Explain with reference to the text the reason for which Heracles departs from the court of Laomedon.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Heracles · What happens: explain, depart · To what, where: reason, text, court

This is exam question 1 of lesson 544 «Greek Myths, The Labours of Heracles, part 50: Heracles saves a maiden, wins the oxen and apples, and enters the Underworld» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	3 reference	case
3	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 text	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 text	det
6	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 reason	det
8	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 departs	obl
11	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 departs	nsubj
12	departs	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 reason	acl:relcl
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 court	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 court	det
15	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 departs	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 Laomedon	case
17	Laomedon	Laomedon	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 court	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	the reason	the text			with reference	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to text=Recipient
2	depart	present	Heracles			the court of Laomedon		for the reason	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from court=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Because the king, having been freed from the monster, once more broke faith with the hero.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	3 king	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 king	det
3	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freed	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 king	punct
5	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 freed	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 freed	aux:pass
7	freed	free	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 monster	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 monster	det
10	monster	monster	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freed	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 faith	punct
12	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	13 more	advmod
13	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	14 broke	advmod
14	broke	broke	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 faith	amod
15	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freed	advcl
16	with	with	ADP	_	18 hero	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 hero	det
18	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 faith	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 freed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	free	gerund · perfect · passive						because the king; from the monster	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Because the king, freed from the monster, once more refused the promised reward and the hero's due.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	3 king	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 king	det
3	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 freed	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 king	punct
5	freed	free	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 monster	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 monster	det
8	monster	monster	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 freed	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 refused	punct
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	12 refused	advmod
11	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 refused	advmod
12	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 freed	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 reward	det
14	promised	promise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 reward	amod
15	reward	reward	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 refused	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 hero	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 hero	det
18	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 reward	nmod
19	's	's	PART	_	18 hero	case
20	due	due	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 refused	xcomp
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 freed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	free	participle		because the king; from the monster	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer
2	refuse	past	the promised reward	's the hero; due, once property	vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reward=Theme
3	promise speech: promise	participle			vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Because the king, having been freed, once more refused the horses.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	3 king	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 king	det
3	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freed	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 king	punct
5	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 freed	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 freed	aux:pass
7	freed	free	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 refused	punct
9	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	11 refused	advmod
10	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 refused	advmod
11	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 freed	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 horses	det
13	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 refused	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 freed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	free	gerund · perfect · passive						because the king	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»
2	refuse	past		the horses				once property	vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme

Option 4

Because the king, having been freed from the monster, once more broke faith with the hero and then drove him from the city in shame.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	3 king	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 king	det
3	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freed	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 king	punct
5	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 freed	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 freed	aux:pass
7	freed	free	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 monster	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 monster	det
10	monster	monster	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freed	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 faith	punct
12	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	13 more	advmod
13	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	14 broke	advmod
14	broke	broke	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 faith	amod
15	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freed	advcl
16	with	with	ADP	_	18 hero	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 hero	det
18	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 faith	nmod
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 drove	cc
20	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	21 drove	advmod
21	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 freed	conj
22	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 drove	obj
23	from	from	ADP	_	25 city	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 city	det
25	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 drove	obl
26	in	in	ADP	_	27 shame	case
27	shame	shame	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 city	nmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 freed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	free	gerund · perfect · passive						because the king; from the monster	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»
2	drive	past		monster		the city in shame	then		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent he=Theme from city=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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