Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adve…

Identify the persons by whom the engine of the prisoner was pursued.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, pursue · To what, where: persons, engine

This is exam question 1 of lesson 55 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 persons	det
3	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Identify	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 whom	case
5	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Identify	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 engine	det
7	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pursued	nsubj:pass
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 prisoner	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 prisoner	det
10	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 engine	nmod
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 pursued	aux:pass
12	pursued	pursue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 whom	acl:relcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the persons					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent person=Theme
2	pursue	past · passive		the engine of the prisoner					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Gaolers with keys, policemen with rifles, and inspectors in heavy coats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gaolers	gaoler	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	3 keys	case
3	keys	key	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Gaolers	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 policemen	punct
5	policemen	policeman	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Gaolers	conj
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 rifles	case
7	rifles	rifle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 policemen	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 inspectors	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 inspectors	cc
10	inspectors	inspector	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Gaolers	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 coats	case
12	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 coats	amod
13	coats	coat	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 inspectors	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Warders bearing halberds, constables bearing truncheons, detectives in plain clothes, and a crowd of onlookers from the nearby village

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warders	warder	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 halberds	amod
3	halberds	halberd	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Warders	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 constables	punct
5	constables	constable	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Warders	conj
6	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 constables	acl
7	truncheons	truncheon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bearing	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 detectives	punct
9	detectives	detective	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 truncheons	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 clothes	case
11	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 clothes	amod
12	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 bearing	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 crowd	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 crowd	cc
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 crowd	det
16	crowd	crowd	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Warders	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 onlookers	case
18	onlookers	onlooker	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 crowd	nmod
19	from	from	ADP	_	22 village	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 village	det
21	nearby	nearby	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 village	amod
22	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 onlookers	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	gerund							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	bear	gerund	constables not said here	truncheons and detectives		plain clothes			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truncheon=Patient

Option 3

Warders bearing halberds, constables bearing truncheons, detectives in plain clothes, and the prison governor himself in a carriage

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warders	warder	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 halberds	amod
3	halberds	halberd	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Warders	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 constables	punct
5	constables	constable	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Warders	conj
6	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 constables	acl
7	truncheons	truncheon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bearing	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 detectives	punct
9	detectives	detective	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 truncheons	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 clothes	case
11	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 clothes	amod
12	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 bearing	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 governor	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 governor	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 governor	det
16	prison	prison	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 governor	compound
17	governor	governor	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Warders	conj
18	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	17 governor	nmod:unmarked
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 carriage	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 carriage	det
21	carriage	carriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Warders	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	gerund							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	bear	gerund	constables not said here	truncheons and detectives		plain clothes			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truncheon=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Warders bearing halberds, constables bearing truncheons, and detectives in plain clothes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warders	warder	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Warders	acl
3	halberds	halberd	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bearing	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 constables	punct
5	constables	constable	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 halberds	conj
6	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 constables	acl
7	truncheons	truncheon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bearing	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 detectives	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 detectives	cc
10	detectives	detective	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Warders	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 clothes	case
12	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 clothes	amod
13	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	10 detectives	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	gerund	Warders and detectives in plain clothes not said here	halberds and constables					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent halberd=Patient
2	bear	gerund	constables not said here	truncheons					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truncheon=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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