Exam question 2 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adve…

State the principal reason adduced by the engine-driver for the pursuers' advantage in speed.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: adduce · To what, where: State principal reason, speed

This is exam question 2 of lesson 55 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	adduced	adduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	10 driver	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 driver	det
8	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 driver	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 engine	punct
10	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 adduced	obl
11	for	for	ADP	_	15 advantage	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 pursuers	det
13	pursuers	pursuer	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 advantage	nmod:poss
14	'	's	PART	_	13 pursuers	case
15	advantage	advantage	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 adduced	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 speed	case
17	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 adduced	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adduce	participle		the State principal reason not said here		speed		by the engine driver; for the pursuers's advantage	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Because they have a lighter load and a stronger crew of men

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	3 have	mark
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 load	det
5	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 load	amod
6	load	load	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 have	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 crew	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 crew	det
9	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 crew	amod
10	crew	crew	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 load	conj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 men	case
12	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 crew	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	they	a lighter load and a stronger crew of men					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Patient

Option 2

That they were running light, possessing in addition the better engine, and a crew of seasoned stokers

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 light	det
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 running	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 running	aux
4	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 light	amod
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 possessing	punct
7	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 light	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 addition	case
9	addition	addition	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessing	obl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 engine	det
11	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 engine	amod
12	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessing	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 crew	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 crew	cc
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 crew	det
16	crew	crew	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 light	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 stokers	case
18	seasoned	seasoned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 stokers	amod
19	stokers	stoker	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 crew	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past · progressive	they						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	possess	gerund	that running light and a crew of seasoned stokers not said here	the better engine		addition			vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot engine=Theme

Option 3

That their carriages were lighter, their boiler newer, their coal finer, and their drivers more daring than his

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 lighter	nsubj
2	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 carriages	nmod:poss
3	carriages	carriage	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lighter	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 lighter	cop
5	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 lighter	punct
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 boiler	nmod:poss
8	boiler	boiler	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lighter	nsubj
9	newer	new	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 lighter	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 finer	punct
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 finer	nmod:poss
12	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 finer	compound
13	finer	finer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lighter	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 daring	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 daring	cc
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 drivers	nmod:poss
17	drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 daring	nsubj
18	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 daring	advmod
19	daring	dare	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 lighter	advcl
20	than	than	ADP	_	21 his	case
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 daring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	That		carriages's coal finer obl; light property	tree rules
2	be		That not said here			tree rules
3	dare	gerund	carriages's drivers	his = he		vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent his=Recipient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

That they were running light, possessing in addition the better engine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 running	nsubj
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 running	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 running	aux
4	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 running	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 possessing	punct
7	possessing	possess	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 running	conj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 addition	case
9	addition	addition	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessing	obl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 engine	det
11	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 engine	amod
12	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possessing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past · progressive	That	light					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme light=Trajectory
2	possess	gerund	That not said here	the better engine		addition			vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot engine=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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