Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adve…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the prisoner's night in the wood?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern · To what, where: wood

This is exam question 4 of lesson 55 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 prisoner	det
14	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 night	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 prisoner	case
16	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 wood	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 wood	det
19	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present				of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the wood	night		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He took shelter in a hollow tree, was soon found by warders, and slept soundly in a cell until morning

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 tree	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tree	det
6	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tree	amod
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 found	punct
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 found	aux:pass
10	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 found	advmod
11	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 took	conj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 warders	case
13	warders	warder	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 found	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 slept	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 slept	cc
16	slept	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 took	conj
17	soundly	soundly	ADV	_	16 slept	advmod
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 cell	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 cell	det
20	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 slept	obl
21	until	until	ADP	_	22 morning	case
22	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 slept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	He	shelter	a hollow tree			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shelter=Value in tree=Location
2	find	past · passive	warders				soon property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
3	sleep	past	He not said here		a cell	morning	soundly property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cell=Location

Option 2

He lay awake shivering under a bush until the dawn came up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lay	nsubj
2	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 lay	xcomp
4	shivering	shiver	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 lay	advcl
5	under	under	ADP	_	7 bush	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bush	det
7	bush	bush	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shivering	obl
8	until	until	SCONJ	_	11 came	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dawn	det
10	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 came	nsubj
11	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 lay	advcl
12	up	up	ADV	_	11 came	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	lie	past	He		awake property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	shiver	gerund	He not said here	a bush		vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	come up	past	the dawn			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

He took shelter in a hollow tree beside the river, where a passing fox kept him company all night long

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 tree	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tree	det
6	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tree	amod
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obl
8	beside	beside	ADP	_	10 river	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 river	det
10	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 kept	punct
12	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	16 kept	advmod
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 fox	det
14	passing	passing	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 fox	compound
15	fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 kept	nsubj
16	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 took	conj
17	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 kept	obj
18	company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 kept	obj
19	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	20 night	det
20	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 kept	obl:unmarked
21	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	16 kept	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	He	shelter		a hollow tree		beside the river	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shelter=Value in tree=Location
2	keep	past	a passing fox	him = he			night	long property	vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent he=Theme company=Attribute

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He took shelter in a hollow tree and slept soundly until morning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 tree	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tree	det
6	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tree	amod
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 took	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 slept	cc
9	slept	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 took	conj
10	soundly	soundly	ADV	_	9 slept	advmod
11	until	until	ADP	_	12 morning	case
12	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 slept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	He	shelter		a hollow tree			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shelter=Value in tree=Location
2	sleep	past	He not said here				morning	soundly property	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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