Exam question 1 · Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 61: Hector dies, Achille…

Which of the following best describes the treatment of Penthesilea's body by Achilles, as recorded in the passage?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Achilles · What happens: follow, describe, record, treat · To what, where: treatment, passage, body

This is exam question 1 of lesson 555 «Greek Myths, The Trojan War, part 61: Hector dies, Achilles drags his body, Penthesilea falls, Achilles dies» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 treatment	det
8	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 body	case
10	Penthesilea	Penthesilea	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 body	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Penthesilea	case
12	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 treatment	nmod
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 Achilles	case
14	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 treatment	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 recorded	punct
16	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 recorded	mark
17	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 describes	conj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 passage	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 passage	det
20	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 recorded	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the treatment of Penthesilea's body		of the best; by Achilles	tree rules
3	record	participle			the passage		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in passage=Destination
4	treat		Achilles	Penthesilea's body			nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He lifted her gently from the ground, washed her wounds, and handed her body back to the Trojans with full honour and mourning rites

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lifted	nsubj
2	lifted	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lifted	obj
4	gently	gently	ADV	_	2 lifted	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lifted	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 washed	punct
9	washed	wash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 lifted	conj
10	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 wounds	nmod:poss
11	wounds	wound	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 washed	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 handed	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 handed	cc
14	handed	hand	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 lifted	conj
15	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 body	nmod:poss
16	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 handed	obj
17	back	back	ADV	_	14 handed	advmod
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 Trojans	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Trojans	det
20	Trojans	Trojan	PROPN	Number=Plur	14 handed	obl
21	with	with	ADP	_	23 honour	case
22	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 honour	amod
23	honour	honour	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 handed	obl
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 rites	cc
25	mourning	mourning	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 rites	compound
26	rites	rite	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 honour	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	lift	past	He	her = she		the ground	gently property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme from ground=Destination
2	wash	past	He not said here	her wounds				vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wound=Patient
3	hand back	past	He not said here	her body	the Trojans		with full honour and mourning rites	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme to trojan=Destination
4	wound		her = she					nom wound «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He lifted her gently from the ground and resigned her body with honour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lifted	nsubj
2	lifted	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lifted	obj
4	gently	gently	ADV	_	2 lifted	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lifted	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 resigned	cc
9	resigned	resign	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 lifted	conj
10	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 body	nmod:poss
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 resigned	obj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 honour	case
13	honour	honour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 resigned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	past	He	her = she		the ground		gently property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme from ground=Destination
2	resign	past	He not said here	her body				with honour	vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent body=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He carried her body away and hid it from the Greek army in shame

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carried	nsubj
2	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 body	nmod:poss
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carried	obj
5	away	away	ADV	_	2 carried	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 hid	cc
7	hid	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 carried	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 hid	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	12 army	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 army	det
11	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 army	amod
12	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hid	obl
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 shame	case
14	shame	shame	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry away	past	He	her body				away property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme
2	hide	past	He not said here	body		the Greek army		in shame	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Patient from army=Beneficiary

Option 4

He stabbed her body again and left it to rot on the field of battle

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stabbed	nsubj
2	stabbed	stab	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 body	nmod:poss
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stabbed	obj
5	again	again	ADV	_	2 stabbed	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 left	cc
7	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 stabbed	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 left	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 rot	mark
10	rot	rot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 left	advcl
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 field	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 field	det
13	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rot	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 battle	case
15	battle	battle	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 field	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	stab	past	He	her body		again	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient
2	leave	past	He not said here	body			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	rot	to-infinitive	He not said here		the field of battle		vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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