Exam question 2 · Fairy Book, The Shepherd Prince, part 14: the prince beats…
What is the principal reason the emperor gives for forbidding the flock to graze the meadows beside the lake?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: emperor · What happens: be, give, forbid, graze · To what, where: principal reason, flock, meadows, lake
This is exam question 2 of lesson 674 «Fairy Book, The Shepherd Prince, part 14: the prince beats the dragon, and the princess's kiss ends the fight» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 reason | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reason | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 reason | det |
| 4 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 reason | amod |
| 5 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 emperor | det |
| 7 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 gives | nsubj |
| 8 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reason | acl:relcl |
| 9 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 10 forbidding | mark |
| 10 | forbidding | forbid | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 gives | advcl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 flock | det |
| 12 | flock | flock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 forbidding | obj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 graze | mark |
| 14 | graze | graze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 flock | acl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 meadows | det |
| 16 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 graze | obj |
| 17 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 19 lake | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 lake | det |
| 19 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 meadows | nmod |
| 20 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 reason | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the principal reason | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | give | present | the emperor | the principal reason not said here | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 3 | forbid | gerund | the emperor not said here | the flock | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer flock=Theme | ||||
| 4 | graze | to-infinitive | the emperor not said here | the meadows | the lake | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meadow=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
That no flock sent to those meadows has ever been known to return, so the emperor wishes to keep his people safe from the terrible creature that lives beneath the waves.
The tree, 31 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 flock | det |
| 2 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 3 flock | det |
| 3 | flock | flock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 known | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 flock | acl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 meadows | case |
| 6 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 meadows | det |
| 7 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sent | obl |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 known | aux |
| 9 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 11 known | advmod |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 known | aux:pass |
| 11 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 return | mark |
| 13 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 known | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 wishes | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 wishes | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 emperor | det |
| 17 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 wishes | nsubj |
| 18 | wishes | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 known | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 keep | mark |
| 20 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 wishes | xcomp |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 people | nmod:poss |
| 22 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 keep | obj |
| 23 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 keep | xcomp |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 creature | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 creature | det |
| 26 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 creature | amod |
| 27 | creature | creature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 safe | obl |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 lives | nsubj |
| 29 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 creature | acl:relcl |
| 30 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 32 waves | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 waves | det |
| 32 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 lives | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 known | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | participle | that flock not said here | that meadows | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to meadow=Destination | ||||
| 2 | know | present · perfect · passive | that flock | ever | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | return | to-infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | wish | present | the emperor | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | keep not said to happen | to-infinitive | the emperor not said here | emperor's people | safe property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | |||
| 6 | live | present | the terrible creature | the waves | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath wave=Location |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
That no flock sent to those meadows has ever been known to return.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 flock | det |
| 2 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 3 flock | det |
| 3 | flock | flock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 known | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 flock | acl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 meadows | case |
| 6 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 meadows | det |
| 7 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sent | obl |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 known | aux |
| 9 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 11 known | advmod |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 known | aux:pass |
| 11 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 return | mark |
| 13 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 known | xcomp |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 known | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | participle | that flock not said here | that meadows | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to meadow=Destination | ||||
| 2 | know | present · perfect · passive | that flock | ever | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | return | to-infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
That each flock grazing there has been claimed by a hungry beast.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 flock | nsubj |
| 2 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 flock | advmod |
| 3 | flock | flock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | grazing | graze | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 claimed | csubj |
| 5 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 grazing | advmod |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 claimed | aux |
| 7 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 claimed | aux:pass |
| 8 | claimed | claim | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 flock | conj |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 beast | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 beast | det |
| 11 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 beast | amod |
| 12 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 claimed | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 flock | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flock | present | That | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | graze | gerund | there | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | claim speech: other | present · perfect · passive | grazing | by a hungry beast | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |
Option 4
That no flock sent to those meadows has ever been known to return, and that the villagers have lost many sheep and two shepherds to the lake beast over the years.
The tree, 31 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 flock | det |
| 2 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 3 flock | det |
| 3 | flock | flock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 known | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 flock | acl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 meadows | case |
| 6 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 meadows | det |
| 7 | meadows | meadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sent | obl |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 known | aux |
| 9 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 11 known | advmod |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 known | aux:pass |
| 11 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 return | mark |
| 13 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 known | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 lost | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 lost | cc |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 lost | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 villagers | det |
| 18 | villagers | villager | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 lost | aux |
| 20 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 known | conj |
| 21 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 sheep | amod |
| 22 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 lost | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 shepherds | cc |
| 24 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 shepherds | nummod |
| 25 | shepherds | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 sheep | conj |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 beast | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 beast | det |
| 28 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 beast | compound |
| 29 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 lost | obl |
| 30 | over | over | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 years | det |
| 32 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 lost | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 known | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | participle | that flock not said here | that meadows | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to meadow=Destination | ||||
| 2 | know | present · perfect · passive | that flock | ever | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | return | to-infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | lose | present · perfect · passive | the villagers | year | to the lake beast | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/674-pg2435-part14/e2/