Test 4 · ★ · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 1:…

«That's sus,» says Tom, «a Jaguar drops the Tortoise in the river cos he WANTS to?» (sus = suspicious) What is the real reason?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: That, Tom, Jaguar, real reason · What happens: be, say, drop, co, want · To what, where: Tortoise, river · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 82 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 1: Painted Jaguar and the muddled advice» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «That's sus,» says Tom, «a Jaguar drops the Tortoise in the river cos he WANTS to?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 sus	punct
2	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 sus	nsubj
3	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sus	cop
4	sus	suspect	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 says	ccomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 sus	punct
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct
7	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 says	nsubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 drops	punct
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 drops	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 Jaguar	det
12	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 drops	nsubj
13	drops	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 cos	advcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Tortoise	det
15	Tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 drops	obj
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 river	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 river	det
18	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 drops	obl
19	cos	co	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 says	conj
20	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 WANTS	nsubj
21	WANTS	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 cos	ccomp
22	to	to	PART	_	21 WANTS	xcomp
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	19 cos	punct
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	That			suspect property	tree rules
2	say speech: ask	present	Tom				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	drop in a quote	present	a Jaguar	the Tortoise	the river		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tortoise=Theme in river=Destination
4	co in a quote	present	Tom not said here				tree rules
5	want in a quote	present	Jaguar				vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: (sus = suspicious) What is the real reason?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	4 suspicious	punct
2	sus	sus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 suspicious	nsubj
3	=	=	SYM	_	4 suspicious	punct
4	suspicious	suspicious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	)	)	PUNCT	_	4 suspicious	punct
6	What	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 suspicious	conj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 What	cop
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 reason	det
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 reason	amod
10	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 What	nsubj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 suspicious	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the real reason						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Jaguar hates water and loves Tortoise's shell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 hates	nsubj
2	hates	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hates	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 loves	cc
5	loves	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hates	conj
6	Tortoise	Tortoise	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 shell	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Tortoise	case
8	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 loves	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	Jaguar	water					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus
2	love	present	Jaguar not said here	Tortoise's shell					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shell=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Jaguar is so muddled he thinks the opposite of what Tortoise says must be true

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 muddled	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 muddled	aux:pass
3	so	so	ADV	_	4 muddled	advmod
4	muddled	muddle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 thinks	nsubj
6	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 muddled	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 opposite	det
8	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 true	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 what	case
10	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 says	obj
11	Tortoise	Tortoise	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 says	nsubj
12	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 opposite	acl:relcl
13	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 true	aux
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 true	cop
15	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 thinks	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	muddle	present · passive		Jaguar		vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	think speech: other	present	Jaguar			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert	present	Tortoise	the opposite		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
4	is	must	the opposite		true property	tree rules

Option 3

Jaguar is a silly creature who hates water but loves catching fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 creature	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 creature	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 creature	det
4	silly	silly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 creature	amod
5	creature	creature	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 hates	nsubj
7	hates	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 creature	acl:relcl
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hates	obj
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 loves	cc
10	loves	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hates	conj
11	catching	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 loves	xcomp
12	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 catching	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	Jaguar	a silly creature	tree rules
2	hate	present	a silly creature	water	vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus
3	love	present	a silly creature not said here		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	catch not said to happen	gerund	a silly creature not said here	fish	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme

Option 4

Jaguar is too lazy to think, so he does whatever the Hedgehog says

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 lazy	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lazy	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 lazy	advmod
4	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 think	mark
6	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 lazy	advcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 does	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 does	advmod
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 does	nsubj
10	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lazy	parataxis
11	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 says	obj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Hedgehog	det
13	Hedgehog	Hedgehog	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 says	nsubj
14	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 does	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Jaguar		lazy property	tree rules
2	think speech: other	to-infinitive	Jaguar not said here			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	do	present	Jaguar			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	say speech: assert	present	the Hedgehog	whatever		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent whatever=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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