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Test 2 · ★ · Gases all around: breath and balloons

Ellie says helium balloons go down because the helium "gets tired". What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ellie, helium balloons, helium · What happens: say, go down, get, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ellie says helium balloons go down because the helium "gets tired".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ellie	Ellie	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 balloons	compound
4	balloons	balloon	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 go	nsubj
5	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	down	down	ADV	_	5 go	advmod
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 gets	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 helium	det
9	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gets	nsubj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 helium	punct
11	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 go	advcl
12	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 gets	xcomp
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 tired	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ellie						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	go down	present	helium balloons					down property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	get in a quote	present	the helium					tired property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The balloon fills up with water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 balloon	det
2	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fills	nsubj
3	fills	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 fills	compound:prt
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fills	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill up	present	the balloon					with water	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with water=Instrument

Option 2

Air pushes the helium out through the knot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	nsubj
2	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 helium	det
4	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	obj
5	out	out	ADP	_	2 pushes	compound:prt
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 knot	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 knot	det
8	knot	knot	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push out	present	Air	the helium		the knot			vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent helium=Theme through knot=Trajectory

Option 3

Helium loses all its lift after a day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loses	nsubj
2	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 lift	det:predet
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 lift	nmod:poss
5	lift	lift	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loses	obj
6	after	after	ADP	_	8 day	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 day	det
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	Helium	Helium's lift			day		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lift=Eventuality
2	lift		Helium						nom lift «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Tiny helium atoms escape through the rubber

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 atoms	amod
2	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 atoms	compound
3	atoms	atom	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 escape	nsubj
4	escape	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 rubber	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rubber	det
7	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 escape	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	escape	present	Tiny helium atoms			the rubber			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through rubber=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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