Exam question 3 · Solids, liquids and gases

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the visible white cloud issuing from a kettle.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts, visible white cloud · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, issue · To what, where: response, visible white cloud, kettle

This is exam question 3 of lesson 4 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 cloud	det
13	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 cloud	amod
14	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 cloud	amod
15	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
16	issuing	issue	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 cloud	acl
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 kettle	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 kettle	det
19	kettle	kettle	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 issuing	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response			with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the visible white cloud			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cloud=Experiencer
5	issue	gerund	the visible white cloud not said here		a kettle		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It consists of air rendered visible by heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 air	case
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	obl
5	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 air	acl
6	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rendered	xcomp
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 heat	case
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of air	tree rules
2	render	participle		air not said here				by heat; visible property	vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It consists of steam, which is invariably white and visible at all temperatures

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 steam	case
4	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 white	punct
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 white	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 white	cop
8	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	9 white	advmod
9	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 steam	amod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 visible	cc
11	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 white	conj
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 temperatures	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 temperatures	det
14	temperatures	temperature	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 white	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It		of steam	tree rules
2	is	present	steam	all temperatures	invariably, white property	tree rules
3	be		steam not said here			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It consists of minute water droplets condensed from invisible steam

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 droplets	case
4	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 droplets	compound
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 droplets	compound
6	droplets	droplet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consists	obl
7	condensed	condense	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 droplets	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 steam	case
9	invisible	invisible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 steam	amod
10	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 condensed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of minute water droplets	tree rules
2	condense	participle		minute water droplets not said here		invisible steam			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

It consists of smoke produced by the heating element

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 smoke	case
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	obl
5	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 smoke	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 element	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 element	det
8	heating	heating	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 element	compound
9	element	element	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of smoke	tree rules
2	produce	participle		smoke not said here				by the heating element	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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