Exam question 2 · Solids, liquids and gases

Identify the principal reason for which a gas, unlike a liquid, may be readily compressed.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, compress · To what, where: principal reason, gas

This is exam question 2 of lesson 4 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 compressed	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 gas	det
8	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 compressed	nsubj:pass
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 liquid	punct
10	unlike	unlike	ADP	_	12 liquid	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 liquid	det
12	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gas	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 gas	punct
14	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 compressed	aux
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 compressed	aux:pass
16	readily	readily	ADV	_	17 compressed	advmod
17	compressed	compress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	compress	may · passive		a gas and a liquid				for the principal reason; readily property	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Gases are devoid of particles altogether

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 devoid	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 devoid	cop
3	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 particles	case
5	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 devoid	obl
6	altogether	altogether	ADV	_	3 devoid	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Gases					of particles; altogether, devoid property	tree rules

Option 2

The particles of a gas are considerably larger than those of a liquid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 particles	det
2	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 larger	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 gas	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gas	det
5	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 particles	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 larger	cop
7	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	8 larger	advmod
8	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 those	case
10	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	8 larger	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 liquid	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 liquid	det
13	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 those	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the particles of a gas					than those; considerably, large property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The particles of a gas are widely separated from one another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 particles	det
2	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 separated	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 gas	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gas	det
5	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 particles	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 separated	aux:pass
7	widely	widely	ADV	_	8 separated	advmod
8	separated	separate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 one	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 separated	obl
11	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	10 one	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	separate	present · passive		the particles of a gas				from one; widely property	vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient from one=Co-Patient

Option 4

The particles of a gas are held in fixed positions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 particles	det
2	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 held	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 gas	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gas	det
5	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 particles	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 held	aux:pass
7	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 positions	case
9	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 positions	amod
10	positions	position	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 held	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present · passive		the particles of a gas		fixed positions			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in position=Location
2	fix	participle							vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/4-solids-liquids-and-gases/e2/