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Test 4 · Solids, liquids and gases

The tour guide says the old church windows are thick at the bottom because glass flows. What do you say?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: tour guide, old church windows, glass, you · What happens: say, be, flow · To what, where: bottom · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 4 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The tour guide says the old church windows are thick at the bottom because glass flows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 guide	det
2	tour	tour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guide	compound
3	guide	guide	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 windows	det
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 windows	amod
7	church	church	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 windows	compound
8	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 thick	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 thick	cop
10	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 says	ccomp
11	at	at	ADP	_	13 bottom	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 bottom	det
13	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 thick	obl
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	16 flows	mark
15	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 flows	nsubj
16	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 thick	advcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the tour guide						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the old church windows			the bottom		thick property	tree rules
3	flow	present	glass						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do you say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 say	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	you						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

He is right, but only in cold churches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 churches	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 churches	cc
6	only	only	ADV	_	9 churches	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 churches	case
8	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 churches	amod
9	churches	church	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He			cold churches		right property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Glass only flows under water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flows	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 flows	advmod
3	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	under	under	ADP	_	5 water	case
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Glass			water			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under water=Location

Option 3

He is right, glass is a liquid that has been slowly dripping down for hundreds of years

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 liquid	punct
5	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 liquid	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 liquid	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 liquid	det
8	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	parataxis
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 dripping	nsubj
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 dripping	aux
11	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 dripping	aux
12	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	13 dripping	advmod
13	dripping	drip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 liquid	acl:relcl
14	down	down	ADP	_	13 dripping	compound:prt
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 hundreds	case
16	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 dripping	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 years	case
18	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hundreds	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is a	present	glass	a liquid					tree rules
3	drip down	present · perfect · progressive	a liquid					for hundreds of years; slowly property	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is a myth; old panes were made uneven and some are thicker at the top

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 myth	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 myth	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 myth	det
4	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 made	punct
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 panes	amod
7	panes	pane	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 made	nsubj:pass
8	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 made	aux:pass
9	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 myth	parataxis
10	uneven	uneven	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 made	xcomp
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 thicker	cc
12	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	14 thicker	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 thicker	cop
14	thicker	thick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 made	conj
15	at	at	ADP	_	17 top	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 top	det
17	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 thicker	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a myth					tree rules
2	make	past · passive		old panes				uneven property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
3	is	present	some			the top		thick property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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