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Test 5 · Solids, liquids and gases

In a cartoon, someone pours a gas into a jar and it sits at the bottom like water, filling half. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: someone, gas · What happens: pour, sit, fill, be · To what, where: gas, cartoon, bottom, half

This is test 5 of lesson 4 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, someone pours a gas into a jar and it sits at the bottom like water, filling half.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pours	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 pours	nsubj
6	pours	pour	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 gas	det
8	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pours	obj
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 jar	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 jar	det
11	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pours	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 sits	cc
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 sits	nsubj
14	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 pours	conj
15	at	at	ADP	_	17 bottom	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 bottom	det
17	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sits	obl
18	like	like	ADP	_	19 water	case
19	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sits	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 filling	punct
21	filling	fill	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 sits	advcl
22	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	21 filling	obj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 pours	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pour	present	someone	a gas		a cartoon		into a jar	vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent gas=Theme into jar=Destination
2	sit	present	gas			the bottom		like water	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at bottom=Location
3	fill	gerund	gas not said here	half					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent half=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Gases turn solid in jars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 turn	nsubj
2	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 turn	xcomp
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 jars	case
5	jars	jar	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Gases			jars		solid property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in jar=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Air-like gases spread to fill the whole jar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 like	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Air	punct
3	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gases	amod
4	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 spread	nsubj
5	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 fill	mark
7	fill	fill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 spread	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 jar	det
9	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 jar	amod
10	jar	jar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fill	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	present	like gases						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fill	to-infinitive	like gases not said here	the whole jar					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent jar=Patient

Option 3

Gases always float out of jars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 float	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 float	advmod
3	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	6 jars	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 jars	case
6	jars	jar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	Gases			jars		always property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out jar=Trajectory

Option 4

Nothing, gases always fill exactly half of whatever they are poured into

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 gases	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fill	nsubj
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 fill	advmod
5	fill	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	7 half	advmod
7	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	5 fill	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 whatever	case
9	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 half	nmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 poured	nsubj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 poured	aux:pass
12	poured	pour	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 whatever	acl:relcl
13	into	into	ADP	_	12 poured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	present	Nothing gases	half of whatever				always property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent half=Patient
2	pour	present · passive		gases = gas					vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/4-solids-liquids-and-gases/t5/