Test 8 · Solids, liquids and gases

"why can't I squash water in the syringe but I can squash air, makes no sense" Best answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: I · What happens: not squash, squash, make · To what, where: water, syringe, air, sense · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 4 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 makes	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 squash	advmod
3	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 squash	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 squash	advmod
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 squash	nsubj
6	squash	squash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 makes	csubj
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 squash	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 syringe	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 syringe	det
10	syringe	syringe	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 squash	obl
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 squash	cc
12	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 squash	nsubj
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 squash	aux
14	squash	squash	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 squash	conj
15	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 squash	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 squash	punct
17	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	19 sense	det
19	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 makes	obj
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 answer	punct
21	Best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	22 answer	amod
22	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 sense	conj
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	17 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	not squash in a quote	can	I	water	the syringe	vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent water=Theme in syringe=Trajectory
2	squash in a quote	can	I	air		vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient
3	make in a quote	present		no sense and Best answer		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sense=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Water's particles are already close, air's are far apart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 particles	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Water	case
3	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 close	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 close	cop
5	already	already	ADV	_	6 close	advmod
6	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 air	punct
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 close	obl
9	's	's	PART	_	8 air	case
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 apart	cop
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 apart	advmod
12	apart	apart	ADV	_	6 close	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Water's particles					's air; close property	tree rules
2	is	present						apart, far property	tree rules

Option 2

It is only because the plunger is wet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 wet	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 wet	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	8 wet	advmod
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 wet	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 plunger	det
6	plunger	plunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wet	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 wet	cop
8	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					wet property	tree rules

Option 3

Air is slippery and water is sticky

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slippery	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slippery	cop
3	slippery	slippery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sticky	cc
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sticky	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sticky	cop
7	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 slippery	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Air					slippery property	tree rules
2	is	present	water					sticky property	tree rules

Option 4

Water is heavier than the syringe, so the plunger cannot lift it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heavier	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 heavier	cop
3	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	6 syringe	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 syringe	det
6	syringe	syringe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heavier	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 lift	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	13 lift	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 plunger	det
10	plunger	plunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lift	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 lift	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 lift	advmod
13	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 heavier	parataxis
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 lift	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Water					than the syringe; heavy property	tree rules
2	not lift	can	the plunger	Water					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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