Test 6 · ★ · Inference: reading between the lines ★★★ «Noah's coat was soaked, but his hair was perfectly dry. He shook out his umbrella in the hall.» What can you infer?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hair, ★, you · What happens: soak, be, shake out, infer · To what, where: ★, umbrella, hall
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: ★★★ «Noah's coat was soaked, but his hair was perfectly dry.
nsubj:pass dep dep punct nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass punct cc nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod conj punct root ★ PROPN ★ X ★ X « PUNCT Noah PROPN 's PART coat NOUN was AUX soaked VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ his PRON hair NOUN was AUX perfectly ADV dry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ★ ★ PROPN Number=Sing 9 soaked nsubj:pass 2 ★ ★ X Foreign=Yes 1 ★ dep 3 ★ ★ X Foreign=Yes 1 ★ dep 4 « « PUNCT _ 9 soaked punct 5 Noah Noah PROPN Number=Sing 7 coat nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Noah case 7 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 9 soaked nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 soaked aux:pass 9 soaked soak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 16 dry punct 11 but but CCONJ _ 16 dry cc 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 hair nmod:poss 13 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 16 dry nsubj 14 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 dry cop 15 perfectly perfectly ADV _ 16 dry advmod 16 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 soaked conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 soaked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 soak in a quote past · passive ★ vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source 2 is in a quote past ★'s hair dry, perfectly property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: He shook out his umbrella in the hall.»
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss obj case det obl punct punct root He PRON shook VERB out ADP his PRON umbrella NOUN in ADP the DET hall NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shook nsubj 2 shook shake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 shook compound:prt 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 umbrella nmod:poss 5 umbrella umbrella NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 hall case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hall det 8 hall hall NOUN Number=Sing 2 shook obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 shook punct 10 » » PUNCT _ 2 shook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shake out past ★ ★'s umbrella the hall vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme in hall=Trajectory
Sentence 3: What can you infer?
obj aux nsubj punct root What PRON can AUX you PRON infer VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 infer obj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 infer aux 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 infer nsubj 4 infer infer VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 infer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 infer can you vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice It was sunny all day and he had been swimming in the sea
nsubj cop det obl:unmarked cc nsubj aux aux conj case det obl root It PRON was AUX sunny ADJ all DET day NOUN and CCONJ he PRON had AUX been AUX swimming VERB in ADP the DET sea NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 sunny nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 sunny cop 3 sunny sunny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 day det 5 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 sunny obl:unmarked 6 and and CCONJ _ 10 swimming cc 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 swimming nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 swimming aux 9 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 10 swimming aux 10 swimming swim VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 sunny conj 11 in in ADP _ 13 sea case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 sea det 13 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 10 swimming obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It day sunny property tree rules 2 swim past · perfect · progressive he the sea vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory
Option 2 He forgot his umbrella at school
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl root He PRON forgot VERB his PRON umbrella NOUN at ADP school NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 forgot nsubj 2 forgot forget VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 umbrella nmod:poss 4 umbrella umbrella NOUN Number=Sing 2 forgot obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 school case 6 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 forgot obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forget past He his umbrella school tree rules
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer It was raining and his umbrella kept his head dry
nsubj aux cc nmod:poss nsubj conj nmod:poss compound obj root It PRON was AUX raining VERB and CCONJ his PRON umbrella NOUN kept VERB his PRON head NOUN dry NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 raining nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 raining aux 3 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 7 kept cc 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 umbrella nmod:poss 6 umbrella umbrella NOUN Number=Sing 7 kept nsubj 7 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 raining conj 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 dry nmod:poss 9 head head NOUN Number=Sing 10 dry compound 10 dry dry NOUN Number=Sing 7 kept obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain past · progressive It vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 keep past his umbrella his head dry vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dry=Theme
Option 4 His coat fell in the bath at home
nmod:poss nsubj case det obl case obl root His PRON coat NOUN fell VERB in ADP the DET bath NOUN at ADP home NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 coat nmod:poss 2 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 bath case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bath det 6 bath bath NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 7 at at ADP _ 8 home case 8 home home NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past His coat the bath at home vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in bath=Location
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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