Test 7 · ★ · Inference: reading between the lines ★★★ «Every seat on the bus was empty except one. Priya sat beside the old man anyway, and he smiled for the first time that day.» What does this show about Priya?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, Priya, this · What happens: be, sit, smile, show
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: ★★★ «Every seat on the bus was empty except one.
nsubj dep dep punct det nsubj case det nmod cop case obl punct root ★ PROPN ★ X ★ X « PUNCT Every DET seat NOUN on ADP the DET bus NOUN was AUX empty ADJ except ADP one NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ★ ★ PROPN Number=Sing 11 empty nsubj 2 ★ ★ X Foreign=Yes 1 ★ dep 3 ★ ★ X Foreign=Yes 1 ★ dep 4 « « PUNCT _ 11 empty punct 5 Every every DET PronType=Tot 6 seat det 6 seat seat NOUN Number=Sing 11 empty nsubj 7 on on ADP _ 9 bus case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bus det 9 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 6 seat nmod 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 empty cop 11 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos root root 12 except except ADP _ 13 one case 13 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 empty obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 empty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote past ★ except one; empty property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Priya sat beside the old man anyway, and he smiled for the first time that day.»
nsubj case det amod obl advmod punct cc nsubj conj case det amod obl det obl:unmarked punct punct root Priya PROPN sat VERB beside ADP the DET old ADJ man NOUN anyway ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ he PRON smiled VERB for ADP the DET first ADJ time NOUN that DET day NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Priya Priya PROPN Number=Sing 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 beside beside ADP _ 6 man case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 man det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 man amod 6 man man NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 7 anyway anyway ADV _ 2 sat advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 smiled punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 smiled cc 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 smiled nsubj 11 smiled smile VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 sat conj 12 for for ADP _ 15 time case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 time det 14 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 15 time amod 15 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 smiled obl 16 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 17 day det 17 day day NOUN Number=Sing 11 smiled obl:unmarked 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past Priya beside the old man; anyway property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside man=Location 2 smile past Priya day; time vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: What does this show about Priya?
obj aux nsubj case obl punct root What PRON does AUX this PRON show VERB about ADP Priya PROPN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 show obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 show aux 3 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 show nsubj 4 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 about about ADP _ 6 Priya case 6 Priya Priya PROPN Number=Sing 4 show obl 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present · do-support this about Priya vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent what=Recipient about priya=Topic
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice She didn't see the empty seats
nsubj aux advmod det amod obj root She PRON did AUX n't PART see VERB the DET empty ADJ seats NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 see nsubj 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 see aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 see advmod 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 seats det 6 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 seats amod 7 seats seat NOUN Number=Plur 4 see obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not see past · do-support She the empty seats vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer seat=Stimulus
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer She was kind: she chose to sit with him when she didn't have to
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop punct nsubj conj mark xcomp case obl mark nsubj aux advmod advcl xcomp root She PRON was AUX kind ADJ : PUNCT she PRON chose VERB to PART sit VERB with ADP him PRON when SCONJ she PRON did AUX n't PART have VERB to PART The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 kind nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 kind cop 3 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 chose punct 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 chose nsubj 6 chose choose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 kind conj 7 to to PART _ 8 sit mark 8 sit sit VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 chose xcomp 9 with with ADP _ 10 him case 10 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 sit obl 11 when when SCONJ _ 15 have mark 12 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 have nsubj 13 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 have aux 14 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 15 have advmod 15 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 sit advcl 16 to to PART _ 15 have xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past She kind property tree rules 2 choose past she tree rules 3 sit to-infinitive she not said here with him = he vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 not have past · do-support she vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Option 3 She was lost
nsubj aux:pass root She PRON was AUX lost VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 lost nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lost aux:pass 3 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past · passive She vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Option 4 She had to sit there because there was nowhere else to sit on the bus
The tree, 15 words nsubj mark xcomp advmod mark expl advcl advmod advmod mark advcl case det obl root She PRON had VERB to PART sit VERB there ADV because SCONJ there PRON was VERB nowhere ADV else ADV to PART sit VERB on ADP the DET bus NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 sit mark 4 sit sit VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 had xcomp 5 there there ADV PronType=Dem 4 sit advmod 6 because because SCONJ _ 8 was mark 7 there there PRON PronType=Dem 8 was expl 8 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sit advcl 9 nowhere nowhere ADV PronType=Neg 4 sit advmod 10 else else ADV _ 9 nowhere advmod 11 to to PART _ 12 sit mark 12 sit sit VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 sit advcl 13 on on ADP _ 15 bus case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 bus det 15 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 12 sit obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past She tree rules 2 sit to-infinitive She not said here there nowhere property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 be past She not said here there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 sit to-infinitive She not said here the bus vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bus=Location
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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