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Test 8 · ★ · Tricky words and common exception words

A cartoon says tricky words must be learned «all at once, as a whole picture». What works better?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon · What happens: say, learn, work · To what, where: tricky words · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 3 «Tricky words and common exception words» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon says tricky words must be learned «all at once, as a whole picture».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tricky	tricky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 learned	nsubj:pass
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 learned	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 learned	aux:pass
8	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 says	ccomp
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 all	punct
10	all	all	ADV	_	12 once	advmod
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 once	case
12	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	8 learned	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 picture	punct
14	as	as	ADP	_	17 picture	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 picture	det
16	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 picture	amod
17	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 learned	parataxis
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 picture	punct
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a cartoon						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	learn	must · passive		tricky words				once property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What works better?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 works	nsubj
2	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 works	advmod
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 works	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present						well property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Copy the whole word out a hundred times

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 word	det
3	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 word	amod
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Copy	obj
5	out	out	ADP	_	1 Copy	compound:prt
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 hundred	det
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 times	nummod
8	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Copy	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy out	imperative	you not said here	the whole word			time		vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Learn the word by its colour on the page

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 word	det
3	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Learn	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 colour	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 colour	nmod:poss
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Learn	obl
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 page	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 page	det
9	page	page	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Learn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	imperative	you not said here	the word		the page		by word's colour	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic

Option 3

Only read tricky words, never write them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 read	advmod
2	read	read	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	tricky	tricky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 words	amod
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 read	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 write	punct
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 write	advmod
7	write	write	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 read	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 write	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	imperative	you not said here	tricky words					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic
2	not write	infinitive	you not said here	words = word					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Find the odd bit and learn that part

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Find	find	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bit	det
3	odd	odd	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bit	amod
4	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Find	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 learn	cc
6	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Find	conj
7	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 part	det
8	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 learn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	imperative	you not said here	the odd bit					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Topic
2	learn	infinitive	you not said here	that part					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/3-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words/t8/