Test 7 · ★ · Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were"… A gran in Kerry says "Youse are grand." ("Grand" means fine.) Her grandson writes about her in a story. Should her words stay as she said them?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: gran, Youse, Grand, grandson, words · What happens: say, be, mean, write, stay, word · To what, where: story, words · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 38 «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A gran in Kerry says "Youse are grand."
det nsubj case nmod punct nsubj cop ccomp punct punct root A DET gran NOUN in ADP Kerry PROPN says VERB " PUNCT Youse PROPN are AUX grand ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gran det 2 gran gran NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Kerry case 4 Kerry Kerry PROPN Number=Sing 2 gran nmod 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 " " PUNCT _ 9 grand punct 7 Youse Youse PROPN Number=Sing 9 grand nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 grand cop 9 grand grand ADJ Degree=Pos 5 says ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 grand punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 9 grand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a gran in Kerry vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote present Youse grand property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Grand" means fine.)
punct punct nsubj punct xcomp punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Grand PROPN " PUNCT means VERB fine ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Grand punct 3 Grand Grand PROPN _ 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Grand punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Grand fine property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: Her grandson writes about her in a story.
nmod:poss nsubj case obl case det obl punct root Her PRON grandson NOUN writes VERB about ADP her PRON in ADP a DET story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 grandson nmod:poss 2 grandson grandson NOUN Number=Sing 3 writes nsubj 3 writes write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADP _ 5 her case 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 writes obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 story case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 story det 8 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 writes obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 writes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present Grand's grandson a story about Grand vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about she=Topic
Sentence 4: Should her words stay as she said them?
aux nmod:poss nsubj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Should AUX her PRON words NOUN stay VERB as SCONJ she PRON said VERB them PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 stay aux 2 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 words nmod:poss 3 words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 stay nsubj 4 stay stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 as as SCONJ _ 7 said mark 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 said nsubj 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stay advcl 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 said obj 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay should Grand's words vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert past Grand words = word vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent they=Topic 3 word Grand nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent
The options Option 1 No, all dialect must be removed from stories
discourse punct det nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case obl root No INTJ , PUNCT all DET dialect NOUN must AUX be AUX removed VERB from ADP stories NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 7 removed discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 No punct 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 dialect det 4 dialect dialect NOUN Number=Sing 7 removed nsubj:pass 5 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 removed aux 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 removed aux:pass 7 removed remove VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 from from ADP _ 9 stories case 9 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 7 removed obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remove must · passive all dialect stories vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from story=Source
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Yes, in speech marks, to show her voice
discourse punct case compound nsubj punct mark nmod:poss obj root Yes INTJ , PUNCT in ADP speech NOUN marks NOUN , PUNCT to PART show VERB her PRON voice NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 8 show discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 5 marks punct 3 in in ADP _ 5 marks case 4 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 5 marks compound 5 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 8 show nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 show punct 7 to to PART _ 8 show mark 8 show show VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 voice nmod:poss 10 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 8 show obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show to-infinitive speech marks her voice vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent voice=Recipient
Option 3 No, only Standard English may go in speech marks
discourse punct advmod compound nsubj aux case compound obl root No INTJ , PUNCT only ADV Standard PROPN English PROPN may AUX go VERB in ADP speech NOUN marks NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 7 go discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 No punct 3 only only ADV _ 5 English advmod 4 Standard Standard PROPN Number=Sing 5 English compound 5 English English PROPN Number=Sing 7 go nsubj 6 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 go aux 7 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 marks case 9 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 10 marks compound 10 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 7 go obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go may Standard English speech marks vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in mark=Location
Option 4 Yes, but he must change "youse" to "you"
discourse punct cc nsubj aux punct obj punct mark punct advcl punct root Yes INTJ , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON must AUX change VERB " PUNCT youse NOUN " PUNCT to PART " PUNCT you PRON " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 6 change discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 6 change punct 3 but but CCONJ _ 6 change cc 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 change nsubj 5 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 change aux 6 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 " " PUNCT _ 8 youse punct 8 youse youse NOUN Number=Sing 6 change obj 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 youse punct 10 to to PART _ 12 you mark 11 " " PUNCT _ 12 you punct 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 change advcl 13 " " PUNCT _ 6 change punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change must he youse vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent youse=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, test 6next → Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, test 8↑ back to Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/t7/