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Test 4 · ★ · Debating and discussion

A cartoon judge says, "Changing your mind means you lost, so never do it." Fix it.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon judge, Changing, you, your · What happens: say, change, mean, lose, not do, mind · To what, where: mind · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 49 «Debating and discussion» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon judge says, "Changing your mind means you lost, so never do it."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 judge	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 judge	compound
3	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 means	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 Changing	punct
7	Changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 means	csubj
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 mind	nmod:poss
9	mind	mind	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 Changing	obj
10	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 lost	nsubj
12	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 means	ccomp
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 do	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	16 do	advmod
15	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	16 do	advmod
16	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 says	ccomp
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 do	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 do	punct
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a cartoon judge						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	change in a quote	gerund		your mind					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient
3	mean in a quote	present	Changing						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	lose in a quote	past	you						vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	not do in a quote	infinitive		mind					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
6	mind in a quote		your						nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Fix it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fix	fix	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Fix	obj
3	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Fix	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	imperative	you not said here	mind					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient

The options

Option 1

The cartoon is right; good thinkers never change

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	cop
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 change	punct
6	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 thinkers	amod
7	thinkers	thinker	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 change	nsubj
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 change	advmod
9	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the cartoon					right property	tree rules
2	not change	present	good thinkers						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Only teachers are allowed to change their minds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 teachers	advmod
2	teachers	teacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 allowed	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 allowed	aux:pass
4	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 change	mark
6	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 allowed	xcomp
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 minds	nmod:poss
8	minds	mind	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 change	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	allow	present · passive		teachers					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	change not said to happen	to-infinitive	teachers not said here	teachers's minds					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient
3	mind		teachers = teacher						nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Changing it for a better reason is a strength

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 strength	csubj
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Changing	obj
3	for	for	ADP	_	6 reason	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 reason	det
5	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 reason	amod
6	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Changing	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 strength	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 strength	det
9	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	gerund		it				for a better reason	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme for reason=Co-Theme
2	is a	present	Changing	a strength					tree rules

Option 4

You may only change your mind after the vote

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 change	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 change	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 change	advmod
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 mind	nmod:poss
6	mind	mind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 change	obj
7	after	after	ADP	_	9 vote	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 vote	det
9	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	may	You	your mind			after the vote		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient
2	mind		your						nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/49-debating-and-discussion/t4/