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Test 3 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

«she runned and swimmed, she's well behind for four». What does it really show?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: she, four · What happens: runn, swimm, be, show · To what, where: four

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «she runned and swimmed, she's well behind for four».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 runned	punct
2	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 runned	nsubj
3	runned	runn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 swimmed	cc
5	swimmed	swimm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 runned	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 four	punct
7	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 four	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 four	cop
9	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 four	advmod
10	behind	behind	ADP	_	12 four	case
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 four	case
12	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 runned	obl
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 runned	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 runned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	runn in a quote	past	she						tree rules
2	swimm in a quote	past	she not said here						tree rules
3	is in a quote	present	she			four		well property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does it really show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 show	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 show	nsubj
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 show	advmod
5	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	four						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She has not learned any grammar rules at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 learned	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 learned	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 learned	advmod
4	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 rules	det
6	grammar	grammar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rules	compound
7	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 learned	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 learned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not learn	present · perfect	She	any grammar rules		all			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic

Option 2

Those are the correct past forms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	6 forms	det
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 forms	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 forms	det
4	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 forms	amod
5	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 forms	amod
6	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		that correct past forms					tree rules

Option 3

She should stop talking until she gets it right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stop	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stop	aux
3	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	talking	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stop	xcomp
5	until	until	SCONJ	_	7 gets	mark
6	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 gets	nsubj
7	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stop	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 gets	obj
9	right	right	ADV	_	7 gets	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	should	She						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	talk	gerund	She not said here						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	get	present	she	it				right property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

She knows the -ed rule and is learning the exceptions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 knows	nsubj
2	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rule	det
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 the	punct
5	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rule	compound
6	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 knows	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 learning	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 learning	aux
9	learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 knows	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 exceptions	det
11	exceptions	exception	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 learning	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present	She	the ed rule					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus
2	learn	present · progressive	She not said here	the exceptions					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exception=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t3/