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Test 5 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

«me mam says I'm boss at spelling but I put cryed». What should Hollie remember?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: me mam, Hollie · What happens: say, be, crye, remember · To what, where: boss, spelling, me mam · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «me mam says I'm boss at spelling but I put cryed».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 mam	compound
3	mam	mam	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 boss	nsubj
6	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 boss	cop
7	boss	boss	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	ccomp
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 spelling	case
9	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 boss	nmod
10	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 cryed	cc
11	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 cryed	nsubj
12	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 cryed	aux:pass
13	cryed	crye	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 says	conj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 cryed	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	me mam						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present	me mam = mam	boss		spelling			tree rules
3	crye in a quote	past · passive		me mam = mam					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should Hollie remember?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 remember	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 remember	aux
3	Hollie	Hollie	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 remember	nsubj
4	remember	remember	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 remember	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remember	should	Hollie						vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent what=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

-ed and -ing both change y to i

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 ed	punct
2	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 change	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 ing	cc
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 and	punct
5	ing	e	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 ed	conj
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	5 ing	obj
7	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	y	y	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 change	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 i	case
10	i	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	e	gerund	ed not said here	both					tree rules
2	change	present	ed	y	i				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Patient

Option 2

Only American spelling changes the y

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 American	advmod
2	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 spelling	amod
3	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changes	nsubj
4	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 y	det
6	y	y	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	American spelling	the y					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Patient

Option 3

-ed and -ing both keep the y

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 ed	punct
2	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keep	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 ing	cc
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 and	punct
5	ing	e	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 ed	conj
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	5 ing	obj
7	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 y	det
9	y	y	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keep	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	e	gerund	ed not said here	both					tree rules
2	keep	present	ed	the y					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

-ed changes y to i (cried), -ing keeps y (crying)

The tree, 10 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 changes	punct
2	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changes	nsubj
3	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	y	y	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changes	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 i	case
6	i	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 changes	obl
7	(	(	PUNCT	_	8 cried	punct
8	cried	cry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 changes	conj
9	)	)	PUNCT	_	8 cried	punct
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 keeps	punct
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 ing	punct
12	ing	ing	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 keeps	nsubj
13	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 changes	conj
14	y	y	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 keeps	obj
15	(	(	PUNCT	_	16 crying	punct
16	crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 keeps	xcomp
17	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 crying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	ed	y	i				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Patient
2	cry speech: express	participle	ed not said here						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	keep	present	ing	y					tree rules
4	cry speech: express	gerund	y not said here						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t5/