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Test 6 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

«the past of jump sounds like jumpt so spell it like that, innit». What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: past · What happens: sound, spell, innit, be · To what, where: past

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «the past of jump sounds like jumpt so spell it like that, innit».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 past	punct
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 past	det
3	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sounds	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 jump	case
5	jump	jump	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 past	nmod
6	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 jumpt	case
8	jumpt	jumpt	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sounds	obl
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 spell	advmod
10	spell	spell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 sounds	xcomp
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 spell	obj
12	like	like	ADP	_	13 that	case
13	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 spell	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 innit	punct
15	innit	innit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 spell	conj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 innit	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sounds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sound in a quote	present	the past of jump					like jumpt	tree rules
2	spell in a quote	infinitive	the past of jump not said here	past				like that	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	innit in a quote	infinitive	the past of jump not said here						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Spell it how it sounds: jumpt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spell	spell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Spell	obj
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 sounds	advmod
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 sounds	nsubj
5	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Spell	advcl
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 jumpt	punct
7	jumpt	jumpt	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Spell	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spell	imperative	you not said here	it				jumpt obl	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	sound	present	it						vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Regular past is always spelled -ed, whatever you hear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Regular	regular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 past	amod
2	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ed	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 ed	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 ed	advmod
5	spelled	spell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 ed	amod
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 spelled	punct
7	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 whatever	punct
9	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 ed	appos
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 hear	nsubj
11	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 whatever	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spell	participle							vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	Regular past	spelled ed				always property	tree rules
3	hear	present	you						vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

Spell it «jumpd» to save letters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spell	spell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Spell	obj
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 jumpd	punct
4	jumpd	jumpd	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Spell	obj
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 jumpd	punct
6	to	to	PART	_	7 save	mark
7	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Spell	advcl
8	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 save	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spell	imperative	you not said here	it					vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme jumpd=Manner
2	save	to-infinitive	you not said here	letters					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme

Option 4

Use -t for some verbs and -d for others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 t	punct
3	t	t	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Use	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 verbs	case
5	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 verbs	det
6	verbs	verb	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Use	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 d	cc
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 and	punct
9	d	D	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 verbs	conj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 others	case
11	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	imperative	you not said here	t				for some verbs and d; for others	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent t=Theme for verb=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t6/