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Test 1 · ★★ · Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian

«bruv, just write it how it sounds: televishun, stashun, mushun». What is the problem?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: bruv, problem · What happens: write, sound, be · To what, where: it, televishun

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «bruv, just write it how it sounds: televishun, stashun, mushun».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 bruv	punct
2	bruv	bruv	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 write	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 bruv	punct
4	just	just	ADV	_	5 write	advmod
5	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 write	obj
7	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 sounds	advmod
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 sounds	nsubj
9	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 write	advcl
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 televishun	punct
11	televishun	televishun	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sounds	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 stashun	punct
13	stashun	stashun	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 televishun	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 mushun	punct
15	mushun	mushun	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 televishun	conj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 televishun	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write in a quote	infinitive	bruv	it					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	sound in a quote	present	bruv	televishun and stashun and mushun					vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the problem?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 problem	det
4	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the problem						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Those are the American spellings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	5 spellings	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 spellings	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 spellings	det
4	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 spellings	amod
5	spellings	spelling	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Those	the American spellings					tree rules

Option 2

Only «mushun» is wrong; the others are fine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 mushun	advmod
2	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 mushun	punct
3	mushun	mushun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wrong	nsubj
4	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 mushun	punct
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 wrong	cop
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 fine	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 others	det
9	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fine	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 fine	cop
11	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 wrong	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	mushun					wrong property	tree rules
2	is	present	the others					fine property	tree rules

Option 3

Nothing, sounding a word out always gives you its spelling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	8 gives	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 sounding	punct
3	sounding	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Nothing	acl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 word	det
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sounding	obj
6	out	out	ADP	_	3 sounding	compound:prt
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 gives	advmod
8	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 gives	iobj
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 spelling	nmod:poss
11	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gives	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sound out	gerund		a word					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme
2	give	present	Nothing	word's spelling	you			always property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient spelling=Theme
3	spell		word						nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The /shun/ ending is almost never spelled «shun»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ending	det
2	/	/	PUNCT	_	3 shun	punct
3	shun	shun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ending	compound
4	/	/	PUNCT	_	3 shun	punct
5	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 spelled	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 spelled	aux:pass
7	almost	almost	ADV	_	9 spelled	advmod
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 spelled	advmod
9	spelled	spell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 shun	punct
11	shun	shun	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 spelled	xcomp
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 shun	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not spell	present · passive		the shun ending				almost property	tree rules
2	shun in a quote	infinitive							vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/8-endings-that-sound-like-shun/t1/