Exam question 3 · Campfires, cold nights and rivers

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning shallow fast-flowing water.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, flow · To what, where: response, shallow flowing water

This is exam question 3 of lesson 231 «Campfires, cold nights and rivers» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 water	amod
11	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 flowing	amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 fast	punct
13	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 water	amod
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	shallow flowing water		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus water=Experiencer
4	flow	gerund				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is always safe to wade across

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 safe	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 safe	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 safe	advmod
4	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 wade	mark
6	wade	wade	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 safe	csubj
7	across	across	ADV	_	6 wade	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					always, safe property	tree rules
2	wade	to-infinitive						across property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It may knock a person over despite its shallow depth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 knock	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 knock	aux
3	knock	knock	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 knock	obj
6	over	over	ADP	_	3 knock	compound:prt
7	despite	despite	ADP	_	10 depth	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 depth	nmod:poss
9	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 depth	amod
10	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 knock	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	knock over	may	It	a person				despite person's shallow depth	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent person=Patient

Option 3

It slows down considerably wherever it passes near stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 slows	nsubj
2	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 slows	compound:prt
4	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	2 slows	advmod
5	wherever	wherever	ADV	PronType=Int	7 passes	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 passes	nsubj
7	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 slows	advcl
8	near	near	ADP	_	9 stones	case
9	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 passes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slow down	present	It					considerably property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	pass	present	it			stones		wherever property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near stone=Location

Option 4

It is dangerous only where it rises above the knee

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dangerous	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	cop
3	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 rises	advmod
5	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	7 rises	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 rises	nsubj
7	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	advcl
8	above	above	ADP	_	10 knee	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 knee	det
10	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rises	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					dangerous property	tree rules
2	rise	present	it			the knee			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above knee=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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