Exam question 4 · Campfires, cold nights and rivers

Ascertain the reason for which one does not jump from a bridge into water.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, one · What happens: ascertain, not jump · To what, where: reason, bridge

This is exam question 4 of lesson 231 «Campfires, cold nights and rivers» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 jump	obl
6	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 jump	nsubj
7	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 jump	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 jump	advmod
9	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 reason	acl:relcl
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 bridge	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 bridge	det
12	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 jump	obl
13	into	into	ADP	_	14 water	case
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 jump	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	not jump	present · do-support	one			a bridge		for the reason; into water result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into water=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The jump is too short to be enjoyable

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 jump	det
2	jump	jump	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 short	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 short	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 short	advmod
5	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	8 enjoyable	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 enjoyable	cop
8	enjoyable	enjoyable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 short	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the jump					short property	tree rules
2	is	to-infinitive	the jump not said here					enjoyable property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hidden rocks or shallow water may cause serious injuries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rocks	amod
2	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cause	nsubj
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 water	cc
4	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 water	amod
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rocks	conj
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 cause	aux
7	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 injuries	amod
9	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cause	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	may	Hidden rocks or shallow water	serious injuries					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition injury=Patient

Option 3

The water is always too warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 warm	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 warm	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 warm	advmod
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 warm	advmod
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the water					always, warm property	tree rules

Option 4

Bridges are too low for diving

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bridges	bridge	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 low	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 low	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 low	advmod
4	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 diving	case
6	diving	diving	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 low	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bridges					for diving; low property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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